机采模式下耐旱性不同棉花品种冠层特性对滴水量的响应  

Response of Canopy Characteristics of Different Cotton Varieties with Drought Tolerance to Drip Irrigation Amount in Machine-picked Model

作　　者：张虎梅 田雨 石峰 李军宏 韩焕勇[2] 王方永[2] 罗宏海[1] ZHANG Humei;TIAN Yu;SHI Feng;LI Junhong;HAN Huanyong;WANG Fangyong;LUO Honghai(Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps/College of Agronomy,Shihezi University,Shihezi Xinjiang 832003,China;Northwest Inland Region Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology and Genetic Breeding,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Cotton Research Institute,Xinjiang Academy Agricultural and Reclamation Sciences,Shihezi Xinjiang 832000,China)

机构地区：[1]石河子大学农学院/新疆生产建设兵团绿洲生态农业重点实验室,新疆石河子832003 [2]新疆农垦科学院棉花研究所/农业部西北内陆区棉花生物学与遗传育种重点实验室,新疆石河子832000

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2022年第12期2888-2898,共11页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31760369)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究等行距密植机采模式下不同耐旱性棉花品种冠层特性对滴水量的响应及作用机理,为干旱区棉花节水灌溉和耐旱性品种选择提供理论依据。【方法】选用耐旱性强的品种新陆早22号和耐旱性弱的品种新陆早17号为试材,设亏缺滴灌(W_(1))、限量滴灌(W_(2))、常规滴灌(W_(3))处理,研究滴水量对耐旱性不同棉花品种棉花冠层结构、光分布、群体光合和呼吸速率以及产量的影响。【结果】叶绿素含量(Chl)、群体光合(CAP)和呼吸速率(CR)随滴水量的增加呈显著上升趋势,在W_(3)处理下表现为最大值,其中新陆早22号在盛花至盛铃后期上述参数在W_(2)、W_(3)条件下无显著差异,但均显著低于W_(1)处理;冠层开度(DIFN)和冠层PAR透过率则随滴水量的增加呈下降趋势,各处理间均表现为W_(1)>W_(2)、W_(3);新陆早17号和新陆早22号分别在W_(3)、W_(2)处理下籽棉产量最高,W_(2)处理下水分利用效率最高。品种间,新陆早22号的Chl、叶面积指数(LAI)、CAP和CR在盛花至吐絮期比新陆早17号高0.8%~10.5%、3.4%~15.0%、1.3%~16.7%、2.9%~22.9%,籽棉产量和水分利用效率分别比新陆早17号高8.9%、9.2%。籽棉产量与LAI、CAP、CR、Chl均呈正相关,与DIFN呈负相关。【结论】在等行距密植条件下,根据棉花品种对水分的敏感性不同,灌水量控制在3900~4800 m3/hm2时,可以使棉花在生育中期维持较高的叶绿素含量和叶面积指数、适宜的冠层开度以及均匀的光分布,促进光合速率的提升,在不显著降低棉花产量的前提下提高水利用效率。【Objective】The objective of this study is to explore the response of different canopy characteristics of drought-tolerant cotton varieties to drip water quantity and the mechanism of action under the equidistant row spacing dense machine harvesting model in the hope of providing a theoretical basis for the selection of water-saving irrigation and drought-tolerant varieties for cotton in arid areas.【Methods】The cultivars Xinluzao 22 with drought-tolerant cultivar and Xinluzao 17 with drought sensitive cultivar were selected as test varieties and the impacts of drip irrigation treatments:deficient drip irrigation(W_(1)),limited drip irrigation(W_(2))and conventional drip irrigation(W_(3))on cotton canopy structure,light distribution,canopy apparent photosynthetic rate,canopy respiration rate and yield of different drought-tolerant cotton varieties were studied.【Results】With the increase of dripping water,cotton chlorophyll content(Chl),canopy apparent photosynthetic rate(CAP)and canopy respiration rate(CR)all showed a significant upward trend and maximum under W_(3)treatment.Among them,Xinluzao 22 was not significantly different from the above parameters under W_(2)and W_(3)conditions from peak flowering stage to later full boll stage,but both were significantly lower than W_(1)treatment.Difuse non-interceptance(DIFN)and transmitted PAR rate showed a decreasing trend with the increase drip water,with W_(1)>W_(2),W_(3)among all treatments.Xinluzao 17 and Xinluzao 22 had the highest yield under W_(3)and W_(2)treatments,respectively.And the irrigation water use efficiency was highest by W_(2).Among the cultivars,Chl,LAI,CAP and CR of Xinluzao 22 were 0.8%~10.5%,3.4%~15.0%,1.3%~16.7%,2.9%~22.9%higher than Xinluzao 17 from the peak flowering to the boll opening stage,the yield and irrigation water use efficiency were 8.9%,9.2%higher than Xinluzao 17.Correlation analysis showed that Chl,LAI,CAP and CR were positively correlated with yield,and DIFN was negatively correlated.【Conclusion】Under equidistant ro

关 键 词：滴水量 耐旱性品种 冠层特性 产量 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]