不同施氮量与栽插密度对水稻群体生长及产量构成的影响  

Effects of Different Nitrogen Application Rates and Planting Densities on Population Growth and Yield Components of Rice

作　　者：王振洋 王冀川[1] 袁杰[2] 王奉斌[3] WANG Zhenyang;WANG Jichuan;YUAN Jie;WANG Fengbin(College of Agronomy,Tarim University,Aral Xinjiang 843300,China;Research Institute of Nuclear and Biotechnologi,Urumqi 830091;Research Institute of Food Crops,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi 830091)

机构地区：[1]塔里木大学农学院,新疆阿拉尔843300 [2]新疆农业科学院核技术生物技术研究所,乌鲁木齐830091 [3]新疆农业科学院粮食作物研究所,乌鲁木齐830091

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2022年第12期2969-2978,共10页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：自治区科技支疆项目“水稻新品种选育及配套栽培技术示范与推广”(2019E0246);兵团2021年“三区”科技人才专项(BT1720220015F)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究不同施氮量和栽插密度对新疆南疆水稻群体生长及产量特征的影响,为生产中合理密植与优化氮素优化管理提供依据。【方法】选用新稻36号品种,设置主区为4种施氮量(纯氮0、120、240和360 kg/hm^(2),以N_(0)、N_(1)、N_(2)和N_(3)表示),副区为5种栽插密度(13.89×10^(4)、16.67×10^(4)、20.83×10^(4)、27.78×10^(4)和41.67×10^(4)穴/hm^(2),以D_(1)、D_(2)、D_(3)、D_(4)和D5表示)的裂区田间试验,分析茎蘖动态、干物质积累、产量构成与米质特征。【结果】(1)适当增加栽插密度和施氮量有利于提高水稻群体茎蘖数,以N_(2)D_(4)的最终茎蘖数最大,达412.80×10^(4)个/hm^(2);(2)南疆水稻群体干物质快速增长期在拔节前后至灌浆中后期,且随施氮量增加有延长趋势,其最终干物质积累量表现为N_(3)>N_(2)>N_(1)>N_(0)。密度过高不利于群体干物质积累,其最终干物质积累量表现为D_(4)>D5>D_(3)>D_(2)>D_(1);(3)N_(2)和D_(1)的穗粒数最大,施氮量过高,对提高结实率、粒重和分蘖成穗率不利。随施氮量及栽插密度增加,有效穗数和产量呈先增后降的趋势,以N_(2)D_(4)的有效穗数和产量最大,分别达399.08×10^(4)穗/hm^(2)和13.61 t/hm^(2),其次是N_(3)D_(4),为371.46×10^(4)穗/hm^(2)和12.94 t/hm^(2);(4)密度对米质影响不大,增施氮肥利于蛋白质含量、糙米率、精米率增加,提高品质。【结论】施氮量240~360 kg/hm^(2)、栽插密度27.78×10^(4)穴/hm^(2)(30 cm×12 cm)可获得较高产量。【Objective】To study the effects of different nitrogen application rates and planting densities on the population growth and yield characteristics of rice in southern Xinjiang,so as to provide basis for rational close planting and optimal nitrogen management in production.【Methods】Xindao 36 was selected to carry out a split plot field experiment with four nitrogen application rates(pure nitrogen 0,120,240 and 360 kg/hm^(2),represented by N_(0),N_(1),N_(2)and N_(3))in the main area and five planting densities(13.89,16.67,20.83,27.78 and 41.67×10^(4)holes/hm^(2),represented by D_(1),D_(2),D_(3),D_(4)and D5)in the sub area.The stem and tiller dynamics,dry matter accumulation,yield composition and rice quality characteristics were analyzed.【Results】(1)Appropriately increasing planting density and nitrogen application rate was conducive to increasing the number of tillers in rice population,the number of final tillers of N_(2)D_(4)was the largest,reaching 4.13×10^(6)stems/hm^(2);(2)The rapid growth period of dry matter of rice population in southern Xinjiang was from jointing to the middle and late filling stage,and tended to prolong with the increase of nitrogen application.The final dry matter accumulation was manifested as N_(3)>N_(2)>N_(1)>N_(0).Too high density was unfavorable to dry matter accumulation,and the final dry matter accumulation was D_(4)>D5>D_(3)>D_(2)>D_(1);(3)The number of grains per panicle of N_(2)and D_(1)was the largest,and the excessive nitrogen application was unfavorable to the improvement of seed setting rate,grain weight and tillering panicle rate.With the increase of nitrogen application rate and planting densities,the number of effective panicles and yield increased first and then decreased.The number of effective panicles and yield of N_(2)D_(4)were the largest,reaching 3.99×10^(6)panicles/hm^(2)and 13.61 t/hm^(2)respectively,followed by N_(3)D_(4),3.71×10^(6)panicles/hm^(2)and 12.94 t/hm^(2);(4)Density had little effect on rice quality,and increasing nitrogen fertilizer

关 键 词：水稻 干物质 产量 施氮量 密度 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]