旱稻和水稻生长发育及产量对灌水量的响应  

Response of Growth Development and Yield of Upland Rice and Paddy Rice to Irrigation Amount

作　　者：王露霞 索常凯 褚璇 冶军[1] 闵伟[1] 侯振安[1] WANG Luxia;SUO Changkai;CHU Xuan;YE Jun;MIN Wei;HOU zhenan(Department of Resources and Environmental Sciences,Shihezi University,Shihezi,Xinjiang 832003,China)

机构地区：[1]石河子大学农学院资环系,新疆石河子832003

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2022年第12期2979-2987,共9页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家科技支撑“滴灌条件下粮食作物水肥资源高效利用与农田肥力提升研究与示范”(2012BAD42B02)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究不同灌水量对旱稻(旱香1号)和水稻(粮香3号)的产量及生育特性的影响,为新疆旱稻种植的适宜灌溉量提供理论依据。【方法】采用覆膜滴灌栽培模式,以旱稻和水稻为研究对象,水稻为对照,设置5个灌水量,分别为375 mm(W_(1))、525 mm(W_(2))、675 mm(W_(3))、900 mm(W_(4))、1125 mm(W_(5)),研究滴灌覆膜下不同灌溉量对旱稻和水稻产量和生长发育的影响。【结果】不同灌水处理下,旱稻和水稻随灌水量减少生育期延迟、株高、叶面积指数、干物质量、产量、WUE等呈下降趋势。675 mm(W_(3))处理下旱稻产量及WUE显著提高,分别为4506 kg/hm^(2)、0.67;1125 mm(W_(5))处理下水稻产量最高为7485 kg/hm^(2),WUE为0.67。当灌水量大于675 mm后增加灌溉量旱稻产量无显著差异,且旱稻在675 mm(W_(3))灌溉量时比水稻产量高60.45%、水分利用效率高61.19%。旱稻各灌溉下产量平均值比水稻高11.24%、水分利用效率高10%、节水22.2%。【结论】新疆干旱区种植旱稻受水分限制小,在节约水资源、提高产量的同时,新疆旱稻种植的最优灌水量为675 mm。【Objective】To study the effects of different irrigation amounts on the yield and growth characteristics of upland rice(Hanxiang 1)and paddy rice(Liangxiang 3)by using the mulching drip irrigation mode with a view to providing a theoretical basis for the appropriate irrigation amount for upland rice cultivation in Xinjiang.【Methods】Upland rice and paddy rice were taken as the research objects and common rice as the control,five irrigation amounts,375 mm(W_(1)),525 mm(W_(2)),675 mm(W_(3)),900 mm(W_(4))and 1125 mm(W_(5))were set to study the effects of different irrigation amounts on the yield,growth and development of upland rice and paddy rice under drip irrigation and film mulching.【Results】The results showed that under different irrigation treatments,the growth period delayed,plant height,leaf area index,dry matter weight,yield and WUE of upland rice and rice decreased with the decrease of irrigation amounts.Under 675 mm(W_(3))treatment,upland rice yield and WUE were significantly increased,which were 4,506 kg/hm^(2)and 0.67,respectively.Under 1,125 mm(W_(5))treatment,the highest yield of rice was 7,485 kg/hm^(2)and WUE was 0.67.There was no significant difference in upland rice yield when the irrigation amount was greater than 675 mm,and upland rice yield was 60.45%higher and water use efficiency was 61.19%higher when the irrigation amount was 675 mm(W_(3))than that of rice.The average yield,water use efficiency and water saving amount of upland rice under each irrigation were 11.24%,10%and 22.2%higher than those of paddy rice.【Conclusion】Planting upland rice in arid region of Xinjiang is limited by water.In addition to saving water resources and improving yield,The optimal irrigation amount for upland rice planting in Xinjiang is 675 mm.

关 键 词：旱稻 水稻 生长发育 产量 灌水量 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]