豚草和三裂叶豚草拮抗植物的筛选  

Screening of Antagonistic Plants:Ragweed and Giant Ragweed

作　　者：付开赟 王钿 丁新华[1] 贾尊尊 吐尔逊·阿合买提[1] 张国良[3] 付卫东[3] 文俊 加马力丁·吾拉扎汗 王兰[2] 郭文超[1] FU Kaiyun;WANG Dian;DING Xinhua;JIA Zunzun;Tursun Ahmat;ZHANG Guoliang;FU Weidong;WEN Jun;Jiamaliding Wulazahan;WANG Lan;GUO Wenchao(Key Laboratory of Intergraded Management of Harmful Crop Vermin of China Northwestern Oasis,MOARA/Institute of Plant Protection,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi 830091,China;College of Agronomy,Tarim University,Aral Xinjiang 843300,China;Institute of Agricultural Environment and Sustainable Development,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China;Command Center of Controlling Locusts and Rodents in Ili Prefecture,Yining Xinjiang 835000,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业科学院植物保护研究所/农业部西北荒漠绿洲作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室,乌鲁木齐830091 [2]塔里木大学农学院,新疆阿拉尔843300 [3]中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所,北京100081 [4]伊犁州治蝗灭鼠指挥中心,新疆伊宁835000

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2022年第12期3030-3046,共17页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区科技支疆计划“新疆重大恶性入侵杂草应急灭除与持续治理关键技术研发及应用”(2020E0203);新疆农业科学院科技创新重点培育专项“新疆重大新发农林入侵生物监测预警与综合防控”(xjkcpy-002)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究豚草(Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.)和三裂叶豚草(Ambrosia trifida L.)浸提液对常用替代牧草高羊茅、早熟禾、黑麦草、披碱草,以及对苜蓿、葵花、玉米、小麦、甜菜种子萌发的影响;筛选对豚草和三裂叶豚草具有防控效果的替代植物以及最佳混种方式。【方法】采用培养皿滤纸法,研究豚草和三裂叶豚草浸提液对供试种子萌发的影响。采用盆栽竞争试验,运用DeWit取代试验研究法,设置牧草和入侵杂草5种混种方式,混种比例分别为1∶1、1∶2、1∶3、2∶1、3∶1,研究黑麦草、披碱草和高羊茅与豚草和三裂叶豚草的竞争效应,分析3种牧草对豚草和三裂叶豚草的替代控制潜力。【结果】随着豚草和三裂叶豚草的浸提液浓度的增加,4种常用替代牧草种子和新源县5种主要作物种子发芽率,发芽指数和化感效应指数均下降。5种混种密度下,黑麦草、高羊茅与三裂叶豚草混种比例为3∶1时,三裂叶豚草的竞争平衡指数分别为(-0.5051±0.3015)、(-0.7576±0.26588)均显著小于0(P<0.05);黑麦草、高羊茅与豚草混种比例为1:3时豚草竞争平衡指数分别为(-0.9558±0.51808)、(-2.0497±0.17855)均显著小于0(P<0.05)。【结论】豚草和三裂叶豚草浸提液对供试种子萌发具有化感抑制作用;且浸提液浓度越大抑制作用越强,同时叶部化感抑制作用大于根部。三裂叶豚草对四种牧草种子萌发的化感抑制作用大于豚草。黑麦草和高羊茅可以作为豚草和三裂叶豚草的替代植物。黑麦草和高羊茅防治三裂叶豚草时建议播种比例为3∶1;防治豚草时建议播种比例为1∶3。豚草和三裂叶豚草发生密度较大时其化感抑制作用越强,影响牧草萌发生长,应适当加大替代牧草播种量。【Objective】To study the effects of extracts of ragweed and giant ragweed on seed germination of common alternative forages tall fescue,Kentucky bluegrass,ryegrass and Elymus,as well as alfalfa,sunflower,corn,wheat and sugar beet in order to screen the alternative plants with control effect on ragweed and giant ragweed and the best mixed painting method.【Methods】The effect of ragweed and giant ragweed extract on seed germination was studied by using petri dish filter paper.A pot competition experiment was conducted,and DeWit was used to replace the experimental method to set up five mixed methods of herbage and invasive weeds,whose ratios were 1∶1,1∶2,1∶3,2∶1 and 3∶1,respectively.The competition effects of Ryegrass,Elymus dahuricus and Festuca Elata with ragweed and giant ragweed were studied to identify the potential of the three forages for the control of ragweed and giant ragweed.【Results】With the increase of the extract concentration of ragweed and giant ragweed,the germination rate,germination index and allelopathic index of the 4 common substitute forage seeds and the 5 common crop seeds in Xinyuan County decreased on average.Under the 5 mixed densities,when the mixed ratio of ryegrass,tall fescue and giant ragweed was 3∶1,the comparison indexes of giant ragweed were(-0.505,1±0.301,5)and(-0.757,6±0.265,88)respectively,which were both significant lower than 0(P<0.05);When the ratios of ryegrass,tall fescue and ragweed were 1∶3,the ragweed competition balance index was(-0.955,8±0.518,08)and(-2.049,7±0.178,55),which were significantly lower than 0(P<0.05);Under the mixed ratios of Elymus triloba and ragweed and giant ragweed,there was no significant difference in the comparative balance index between ragweed and giant ragweed from 0(P<0.05).【Conclusion】The extracts of ragweed and giant ragweed showed allelopathic inhibition on seed germination,and the higher the concentration of the extracts,the stronger the inhibition.At the same time,the allelopathic effect of leaf was greate

关 键 词：豚草 三裂叶豚草 浸提液 化感作用 生物替代 

分 类 号：S451[农业科学—植物保护]