俄罗斯与吉尔吉斯斯坦的天然气合作及思考  

Thoughts of natural gas cooperation between Russia and Kyrgyzstan

作　　者：梁萌 刘佳[1] 彭盈盈 蒋明英 LIANG Meng;LIU Jia;PENG Yingying;JIANG Mingying(CNPC Economics and Technology Research Institute)

机构地区：[1]中国石油集团经济技术研究院

出　　处：《国际石油经济》2022年第11期23-31,共9页International Petroleum Economics

摘　　要：吉尔吉斯斯坦是独联体中资源最为贫乏的国家之一,天然气自给率不足10%,化石能源绝大多数依赖进口,主要来自俄罗斯。延续苏联时期的优势地位,俄罗斯天然气工业股份公司主导了吉国天然气产业链除上游以外的所有环节,吉国政府主导天然气上游环节。俄气吉尔吉斯斯坦分公司是吉国唯一合法的天然气进口商,处于行业垄断位置,吉国天然气储运基础设施也归该公司所有。在俄罗斯与吉尔吉斯斯坦的天然气合作中,俄罗斯通过掌握基础设施形成产业主导权,通过优惠的能源价格赢得目标国信赖,通过对外宣传树立良好企业形象;另一方面,吉国寻求进口气的多元化。对于中国,考虑到中国-中亚D线天然气管道途经吉国,需要研判相关问题和风险,与吉国政府甚至俄气探索建立合作机制,促进中吉乌铁路运输通道乃至中吉乌土能源大通道的建设。Kyrgyzstan is one of the most resource-poor countries in the Commonwealth of Independent States,with less than 10 percent self-sufficiency in natural gas and a vast majority of fossil energy imports,mainly from Russia.Continuing its Soviet-era dominance,Gazprom dominates all gas chain but the upstream part dominated by the Kyrgyz government.The Kyrgyzstan branch of Gazprom is the only legal natural gas importer in Kyrgyzstan with a monopoly position in the industry and owns gas storage and transportation infrastructure in Kyrgyzstan.In the natural gas cooperation between Russia and Kyrgyzstan,Russia has the industrial dominance by mastering infrastructure,wins the trust of the target country through preferential energy prices,and establishes a good corporate image by means of external publicity.At the same time,Kyrgyzstan also seeks to diversify its imported gas.Considering that the Line D of the Central Asia–China Gas Pipeline passes through Kyrgyzstan,China needs to study and evaluate relevant problems and risks,explores and establishes a cooperation mechanism with the Kyrgyz government and even Gazprom,and promotes the construction of China-Kyrgyzstan-Uzbekistan railway transport channel and even China-Kyrgyzstan-Uzbekistan-Turkmenistan energy channel.

关 键 词：俄罗斯 吉尔吉斯斯坦 天然气 国际能源合作 地缘政治 能源地缘政治 能源权力 

分 类 号：F416.22[经济管理—产业经济]