淅川下寺楚墓出土石髓珠制作工艺科学研究  

Scientific Research on the Production Technology of Chalcedony Beads Unearthed from the Tomb of Chu State in Xiasi, Xichuan

作　　者：董俊卿[1,2] 胡永庆 李青会 刘松[1,2] DONG Junqing;HU Yongqing;LI Qinghui;LIU Song(Sci-Tech Archaeology Center,Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai 201800,China;Centerof Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing100049,China;Henan Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology,Zhengzhou 450000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所科技考古中心,上海201800 [2]中国科学院大学材料科学与光电工程中心,北京100049 [3]河南省文物考古研究院,郑州450000

出　　处：《中国科技史杂志》2022年第4期482-494,F0002,共14页The Chinese Journal for the History of Science and Technology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目重点专项课题“玻璃文物价值认知及关键技术研究”(项目编号:2019YFC1520203);中国科学院仪器设备功能开发技术创新项目“光学相干层析成像仪成像优化及智能图像识别分类系统功能开发”(项目编号:21XY10231)。

摘　　要：综合利用激光共焦显微拉曼光谱仪、便携式能量色散型X射线荧光光谱仪、光学相干层析成像仪以及多光谱成像系统对河南淅川下寺楚墓出土的管状条纹石髓珠进行多角度分析得知,这些石髓珠主体都是用石英质矿物制作而成的,可分为未改变天然属性和被人工蚀刻表面改性两种情况,但两者在主要物相和化学成分方面没有明显区别。利用多光谱成像系统,探讨不同激发光源下石髓珠的多光谱特征。研究在紫外光源激发下石髓珠在可见光不同波段下的荧光现象,结果表明白色部位的荧光最强。OCT成像分析表明,人工蚀刻的石髓珠和天然属性未改变的石髓珠存在明显的灰度图像特征差异,后者不同颜色条纹的散射强度明显低于人工蚀刻部位,这可作为人工蚀刻石髓珠的重要判定依据之一。根据获取的综合信息,成功探索了一种区分人工蚀刻的石髓珠与天然玛瑙珠的科学表征方法,为判断石髄珠制作工艺和产地来源提供了科学依据。The tubular striped chalcedony beads unearthed from the tomb of Chu State in Xiasi, Xichuan, Henan Province were analyzed by the laser confocal micro Raman spectrometer, the portable energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer, the optical coherence tomography and the multi-spectral imaging system. These chalcedony beads were made of quartz minerals, which can be divided into two types, those with unaltered natural properties and those with artificially etched surfaces, but there is no obvious difference in their main phase and chemical composition. The multi-spectral characteristics of the chalcedony beads under different excitation light sources were obtained by using the multi-spectral imaging system. The fluorescence of chalcedony tubular beads excited by ultraviolet light in different visible wavelengths was studied. The results show that the white parts have the strongest fluorescence. The analysis of OCT shows that the gray image characteristics are significantly different between the artificially etched chalcedony beads and the ones with unaltered natural properties, and the scattering intensity of the different color stripes of the latter is significantly lower than that of the former, which can be used as one of the important criteria for distinguishing the two kinds of chalcedony beads. According to the comprehensive information thus obtained, a scientific characterization method for distinguishing artificially etched chalcedony beads from natural chalcedony beads was successfully explored, providing a scientific basis for the production technology and provenance of the chalcedony beads.

关 键 词：下寺楚墓 石髓珠 人工蚀刻 制作工艺 

分 类 号：N092[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学] K85[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] O433.4[历史地理—历史学]