中国6个语言族群头面部测量指标的表型特征  

Phenotypic characteristics of head and face indicators in six Chinese linguistic groups

作　　者：谢宾 张兴华[2,3] XIE Bin;ZHANG Xinghua(College of Life Sciences,Hulunbuir University,Hulunbuir 021008,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,China;College of Life Sciences,Tianjin Normal University,Tianjin 300387,China;Tianjin Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Animal Diversity,Tianjin Normal University,Tianjin 300387,China)

机构地区：[1]呼伦贝尔学院生命科学学院,内蒙古自治区呼伦贝尔021008 [2]天津师范大学生命科学学院,天津300387 [3]天津师范大学天津市动物多样性保护与利用重点实验室,天津300387

出　　处：《天津师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2022年第6期68-74,共7页Journal of Tianjin Normal University：Natural Science Edition

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点资助项目(30830062);国家自然科学基金资助项目(31671245,31771329,32071183);科技部基础工作专项资助项目(2015FY111700);国家重点研发计划战略性科技创新合作资助项目(2020YFE0201600)。

摘　　要：对中国6个语言族群(藏缅语族族群、壮侗语族族群、苗瑶语族族群、南亚语系族群、阿尔泰语系族群和汉语族族群)共计63451例(男性29418例,女性34033例)成人的19项头面部指标进行了测量,分析6个语言族群头面部指标的表型特征.结果表明,在6个语言族群中,阿尔泰语系族群的耳较长,唇高值小,鼻与红唇之间的距离大,面的宽度中等,两眼间的距离中等.汉语族族群的头和面较高,耳较长,唇高值较小,鼻与红唇之间的距离较大,面的宽度较大,两眼间的距离较大.苗瑶语族族群和藏缅语族族群的头和面高度中等,容貌耳长、唇高和上唇皮肤部高中等,面的宽度小,两眼间的距离小.壮侗语族族群的头和面高度较小,耳较短,唇高值较大,上唇皮肤部高度小,面的宽度大,两眼间的距离大.南亚语系族群的头和面低,耳短,唇高值大,上唇皮肤部高度小,面的宽度较小,两眼间的距离较小.相对来说,北方族群和南方族群头面部的特征差别较大,汉语族族群头面部特征总体上介于北方族群和南方族群之间.虽然6个语言族群的头面部指标值存在一定差异,但都具有蒙古人种的基本特征,形态学上的共性是主要的.19 head and face indicators of 63451 adults(29418 males,34033 females)from six linguistic groups in China(Tibeto-Burman linguistic groups,Zhuang-Dong linguistic groups,Miao-Yao linguistic groups,Austroasiatic linguistic groups,Altai linguistic groups and Han linguistic groups)were measured,and the phenotypic characteristics of head and face indicators of the six linguistic groups were analyzed.The results showed that,in the six linguistic groups,Altai linguistic groups had longer ears,low lips,larger distance between nose and red lip,medium face breadth and medium distance between eyes.Han linguistic groups had higher head and face,longer ears,lower lips,larger distance between nose and red lip,larger face breadth and the distance between eyes.Miao-Yao linguistic groups and Tibeto-Burman linguistic groups had medium head and face height,medium physiognomic ear height,medium lip height and upper lip height,small face breadth and small distance between eyes.Zhuang-Dong linguistic groups had smaller head and face,shorter ears,higher lips,low upper lip height,large face breadth and large distance between eyes.Austroasiatic linguistic groups had low head and face,short ears,thick lips,low upper lip height,smaller face breadth and small distance between eyes.Comparatively speaking,the head and face characteristics of northern and southern ethnic groups were different,and the head and face characteristics of Han linguistic groups were generally between northern and southern ethnic groups.Although there were some differences in the head and face indicator values of the six linguistic groups,they all had the basic characteristics of Mongolian race,and the morphological commonality was the main one.

关 键 词：头面部 藏缅语族 壮侗语族 苗瑶语族 南亚语系 阿尔泰语系 汉语族 

分 类 号：Q983[生物学—人类学]