天津滨海湿地与其长期开垦农田间土壤线虫群落特征的比较  

Comparison of soil nematode community characteristics between coastal wetland and long-term reclaimed farmland in Tianjin

作　　者：冯苗[1,2] 史妍 郭长城 高健[1] 王义东 FENG Miao;SHI Yan;GUO Changcheng;GAO Jian;WANG Yidong(Tianjin Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Water Environment,Tianjin Normal University,Tianjin 300387,China;School of Geography and Environment Science,Tianjin Normal University,Tianjin 300387,China)

机构地区：[1]天津师范大学天津市水资源与水环境重点实验室,天津300387 [2]天津师范大学地理与环境科学学院,天津300387

出　　处：《天津师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2023年第1期42-50,共9页Journal of Tianjin Normal University：Natural Science Edition

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点资助项目(41930862)。

摘　　要：为了深入探究土壤线虫在滨海湿地开垦前后的群落特征变化,以天津北大港湿地和七里海湿地及其开垦后农田为研究对象,采集0~15 cm的土样并分离土壤线虫,在种属水平上划分为不同营养类群和生活史类群,分析不同类群线虫的多度和占比,计算土壤线虫的多样性指数和功能性指数.研究区内共捕获土壤线虫8630条,分属33属,优势属为拟丽突属(Acrobeloides)、真滑刃属(Aphelenchus)、螺旋属(Helicotylenchus)和锥形虫属(Dolichodoridae),占捕获线虫总数的49%.研究区湿地经长期开垦后,土壤线虫多度由每100 g干土342条增加到737条,其中,北大港地区增加38%,七里海地区显著增加194%;线虫种属数量也发生了变化,这主要是由于食细菌线虫、食真菌线虫、c-p1类群和c-p2类群线虫数量的增加引起的.研究区在长期开垦后,北大港地区变化不显著,七里海地区的丰富度指数和香农多样性指数分别显著增加了51.58%和48.95%,线虫功能性指数中仅富集指数在七里海地区显著增加了103%.土壤pH值与线虫生态指数和线虫组成之间均存在较强相关性.综上,滨海湿地开垦为农田后,土壤线虫群落物种逐步丰富,线虫群落结构趋于稳定,同北大港湿地相比,七里海湿地受环境扰动后恢复较快.In order to deeply explore the changes of nematode community characteristics before and after reclamation in coastal wetlands,Tianjin Beidagang wetland,Qilihai wetland and their reclaimed farmland were chosen as the research objects.The soil sample was collected from 0-15 cm layer,and the nematodes isolated from the soil were divided into different nutrient types and life history at the genera level.The abundance and proportion of nematodes in different groups were analyzed,and the diversity index and functional index of soil nematodes were calculated.The results showed that a total of 8630 soil nematodes were captured in the study area,belonging to 32 genera,and the dominant generas were Acrobeloides,Aphelenchus,Helicotylenchus and Dolichodoridae,accounting for 49%of the total nematodes captured.After long-term reclamation of the wetlands in the study area,soil nematode abundance increased from 342 pieces per 100 g dry soil to 737 pieces,which increased by 38%in Beidagang area and 194%in Qilihai area respectively.The number of genera also changed,which was mainly caused by the increase of bacteria feeding nematode,fungus feeding nematode,c-p1 group and c-p2 group.After long-term reclamation of the wetlands,the change in the Beidagang area was not significant,and the Shannon diversity index and richness index in Qilihai area significantly increased by 48.95%and 51.58%respectively.Only the enrichment index of functional index significantly increased by 103%in Qilihai area.There was a strong correlation between soil pH value and nematode ecological index as well as nematode composition.In conclusion,after the reclamation of coastal wetlands for farmland,soil nematode community species gradually enriched,and nematode community structure tended to be stable.Moreover,compared with Beidagang wetland,Qilihai wetland recovered faster after environmental disturbance.

关 键 词：滨海湿地 开垦 土壤线虫 优势属 生态指数 

分 类 号：Q958.1[生物学—动物学]