燕麦基因组学与分子育种研究进展  

Advances in Oat Genomic Research and Molecular Breeding

作　　者：张波[1] 任长忠[2] Bo Zhang;Changzhong Ren(Qinghai Province Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding,Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota,Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xining 810008,China;Baicheng Academy of Agricultural Sciences,China Oat and Buckwheat Research and Development Center,Baicheng 137000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院西北高原生物研究所,中国科学院高原生物适应与进化重点实验室,青海省作物分子育种重点实验室,西宁810008 [2]国家燕麦荞麦产业技术研发中心,吉林省白城市农业科学院,白城137000

出　　处：《植物学报》2022年第6期785-791,共7页Chinese Bulletin of Botany

基　　金：中国科学院A类战略性先导科技专项“创建生态草牧业科技体系”子课题(No.XDA26030202);西部之光交叉团队重点实验室专项(No.xbzg-zdsys-202109)。

摘　　要：燕麦(Avenasativa)是粮饲兼用的一年生禾本科燕麦属植物。燕麦的营养价值和优良牧草品质使其市场需求量逐年增加,这对燕麦新品种的创新培育提出了新要求。分子育种精准且高效,是燕麦育种技术革新的必由之路。而基因组学研究是燕麦重要农艺性状解析、优异种质资源精准利用和分子设计育种的重要基础。该文重点从国内外燕麦种质资源搜集整理情况、燕麦属基因组构成和染色体倍性,以及燕麦遗传连锁图谱构建、基因组测序和分子育种方面对燕麦基因组学与分子育种研究进行综述,并对后基因组时代相关研究的发展趋势进行了展望。Oat(Avena sativa) is an annual grass species grown as either a grain or a forage crop. Its valuable nutrition and excellent forage quality make its market demand increase year by year, which brings forth new requirements for innovative oat cultivars. Molecular breeding is the ideal technology for oat improvement with its high precision and efficiency. Genomic study of oat is the very important basis for the analysis of important agronomic traits, the precise utilization of excellent germplasm and molecular design breeding of oats. This article mainly reviews the important achievements of world-wide oat germplasm resources collection and preservation, genome composition and chromosome ploidy level variations in the genus Avena, oat genetic linkage map construction and oat genome sequencing, as well as oat molecular breeding. Furthermore, this article discusses the future directions of oat genomic study and molecular breeding in the post genomic era.

关 键 词：燕麦 遗传连锁图谱 基因组测序 分子育种 

分 类 号：S512.6[农业科学—作物学]