长穗偃麦草分子育种基础研究进展  

Research Progress on the Aspects of Molecular Breeding of Tall Wheatgrass

作　　者：李宏伟[1] 郑琪[1] 李滨[1] 李振声[1] Hongwei Li;Qi Zheng;Bin Li;Zhensheng Li(State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering,Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology,ChineseAcademyofSciences,Bejing100101,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所,植物细胞与染色体工程国家重点实验室,北京100101

出　　处：《植物学报》2022年第6期792-801,共10页Chinese Bulletin of Botany

基　　金：中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(A类)(No.XDA26040105)。

摘　　要：长穗偃麦草(Elytrigiaelongata)为禾本科小麦族偃麦草属植物,是一种丛生的多年生冷季型牧草。长穗偃麦草原产于欧洲南部、小亚细亚和俄罗斯南部,在美国、加拿大和澳大利亚等国大面积种植。其引入我国后,1956年开始用作小麦(Triticumaestivum)远缘杂交的野生亲本,鲜有作为牧草大面积种植的报道。长穗偃麦草具有耐盐碱、耐涝和抗病等特点,可作为耐盐碱牧草用于建设“滨海草带”,利于避免草粮争地/争水,实现碳中和,保障我国粮食安全。全世界已育成推广了10余个长穗偃麦草品种,但我国尚无引种或自主选育品种,不利于“滨海草带”的建立。长穗偃麦草遗传背景复杂,基础研究薄弱,育种技术远远落后于稻麦等粮食作物。该文对长穗偃麦草分子育种基础,如育种历程、加速育种、资源创新、组织培养、基因组序列及分子标记进行综述,以期为长穗偃麦草品种选育和“滨海草带”建设提供参考。Tall wheatgrass(Elytrigia elongata), belonging to Thinopyrum genus, is a perennial cool season bunchgrass that was originated from southern Europe, Asia Minor and southern Russia. It has been widely cultivated in America,Canada, Australia and other countries for more than a half century. Since tall wheatgrass was induced in China,Zhensheng Li had used it as a wild parent for distant hybridization to breed wheat(Triticum aestivum) varieties from 1956.However, few reports were found for the wide cultivation of tall wheatgrass in China as a forage grass currently. It confers significant tolerance not only to saline and alkaline soil but also to waterlogging, drought and diseases. It can avoid competition of land and water between cereal crops and forage grass and benefit carbon neutrality and food security to cultivate tall wheatgrass on saline-alkali soils in the costal Circum-Bohai sea region. More than 10 cultivars has been released in America, Canada, Australia, Argentina and other European countries. Unfortunately, no tall wheatgrass variety has been certificated in China currently, which restrict the construction of Chinese costal grass belt. The genetic background is complex and the basic research is preliminary in tall wheatgrass, resulting in its breeding technology is lagged far behind the cereal crops like wheat and rice. Here, research progresses on the aspects of molecular breeding of tall wheatgrass including breeding history, speed breeding, tissue culture, genome sequencing and molecular markers were reviewed to promote tall wheatgrass breeding and construction of costal grass belt in China.

关 键 词：长穗偃麦草 育种 分子标记 滨海草带 

分 类 号：S543.9[农业科学—作物学]