学龄儿童汉字语义及正字法加工发展特征  

Semantic and orthographic processing characters in Chinese school-age children

作　　者：张琴芬[1] 董选[1] 王超群 季施燕 梅海天 王瑞 Zhang Qinfen;Dong Xuan;Wang Chaoqun;Ji Shiyan;Mei Haitian;Wang Rui(Children's Health Research Center,Changzhou Children's Hospital of Nantong University,Changzhou 213003,China)

机构地区：[1]南通大学附属常州儿童医院儿童健康研究中心,常州213003

出　　处：《中华行为医学与脑科学杂志》2022年第12期1102-1107,共6页Chinese Journal of Behavioral Medicine and Brain Science

基　　金：江苏省卫健委医学科研课题(M2020092);常州市科技支撑计划(社会发展)(CE20225064)。

摘　　要：目的采用事件相关电位(event-related potential,ERP)技术研究不同年龄正常学龄儿童汉字语义及正字法加工的发展特征。方法采用随机数字法抽取常州某普通小学7~11岁儿童,按年龄分为7岁组(21人)、8岁组(21人)、9岁组(19人)、10岁组(20人)、11岁组(22人)。所有被试完成ERP的汉字语义启动任务和假字判断任务,采集学龄儿童在语义相关、语义不相关和假字判断条件下的N400及P200波幅,并对数据进行三因素混合设计方差分析;行为学正确率及反应时采用单因素方差分析,Bonferroni校正进行多重假设检验校正。统计软件为SPSS 25.0。结果(1)行为学结果:7、8、9、10、11岁五组儿童语义相关及语义不相关任务的准确率均差异有统计学意义(F=15.55,4.01,均P<0.01),7岁组显著低于其余四组(均P<0.05)。五组间假字判断任务下的准确率差异无统计学意义(F=0.68,P=0.609);五组儿童语义相关和语义不相关任务下的反应时均差异有统计学意义(F=3.90,3.13,均P<0.05),语义相关任务下11岁组的反应时显著短于7、8、9岁组(均P<0.05),语义不相关任务下7岁及11岁组的反应时均显著短于8、9、10岁组(均P<0.05)。(2)ERP结果:7、8、9、10、11岁儿童语义相关任务下的N400波幅显著小于语义不相关任务和假字判断及任务下的N400波幅(均P<0.05);随年龄增大N400波幅渐减小,语义相关任务下10岁和11岁组间、语义不相关任务及假字判断任务下8岁和9岁组间、10岁和11岁组间均差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05),其余年龄组间两两比较均差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。7、8、9、10岁儿童语义相关任务下P200波幅显著大于语义不相关任务下的P200波幅(均P<0.05),7、8、10、11岁儿童语义相关任务下的P200波幅显著大于假字判断任务下的P200波幅(均P<0.05);随年龄增大P200波幅渐增大,语义相关及不相关任务的7、8及9岁组间、10及11岁组间、假字判断任务下7及8岁Objective To explore the developmental characteristics of Chinese semantic and orthographic processing in normal school-age children by event-related potential(ERP)technique.Methods Children aged 7-11 in an ordinary primary school in Changzhou were randomly selected and divided into 7-year old group(n=21),8-year old group(n=21),9-year old group(n=19),10-year old group(n=20)and 11-year old group(n=22)according to their age.ERP was recorded while subjects completed the Chinese character semantic activation task and pseudo word judgment task.Then the N400 and P200 amplitudes of school-age children under the conditions of semantic correlation,semantic uncorrelation and pseudo word judgment were collected,and the data were analyzed by three factors mixed design ANOVA.Data of behavioral accuracy and response time were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni correction was used for multiple hypothesis testing.The statistical software was SPSS 25.0.Results(1)Behavioral results:the accuracy of semantic related and semantic unrelated tasks of children in the five groups aged 7,8,9,10 and 11 were statistically significant(F=15.55,4.01,both P<0.01),and the accuracy of children in the 7-year old group was significantly lower than those in the other four groups(all P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the accuracy of pseudo word judgment task among the five groups(F=0.68,P=0.609).The response time of children in the five groups under semantic related and semantic unrelated tasks was significantly different(F=3.90,3.13,both P<0.05).The response time of the 11-year old group under semantic related tasks was significantly shorter than those of the 7-,8-and 9-year old groups(all P<0.05).The response time of the 7-year old and 11-year old groups under semantic unrelated tasks was significantly shorter than those of the 8-,9-and 10-year old groups(all P<0.05).(2)ERP results:N400 amplitudes of 7-,8-,9-,10-and 11-year old children under semantic related tasks were significantly smaller than those under semantic unrelated ta

关 键 词：语义 正字法 学龄儿童 事件相关电位 

分 类 号：R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]