卫生村创建对赣州市农村环境卫生影响分析  

Impact of sanitary village founding on rural environmental sanitation in Ganzhou City

作　　者：郑志鹏[1] 袁志平[1] 金美兰[1] 刘芬 ZHENG Zhipeng;YUAN Zhiping;JIN Meilan;LIU Fen(Ganzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Ganzhou,Jiangxi 341000,China)

机构地区：[1]赣州市疾病预防控制中心,江西赣州341000

出　　处：《中国农村卫生事业管理》2022年第12期854-858,865,共6页Chinese Rural Health Service Administration

基　　金：江西省卫生健康委员会科技计划项目(202140713)。

摘　　要：目的探索卫生村创建对赣州市农村环境卫生的影响,为有关部门制订政策和措施提供参考。方法采用分层随机抽样方法,在赣州市选择11个卫生村和89个非卫生村,每个村随机抽取5户调查户,使用统一的调查表,通过现场访谈、问卷填写等方法收集数据及资料。结果调查显示,卫生村在保洁员数量、公用垃圾桶配置密度、河道沟渠清洁状况、卫生厕所覆盖率、公厕设置比例、粪便无害化处理、集中式供水覆盖率、病媒生物孳生地等方面优于非卫生村,在环境经费投入、灭四害工作、生活污水处理比例、污水排放地点、垃圾丢弃地点等方面与非卫生村无明显差异,而在村民喝水、洗手、秸秆焚烧习惯上则不如非卫生村。结论卫生村创建在农村环境卫生整治、改厕行动、粪便无害化处理、保洁人力资源配置、垃圾桶配备等方面发挥了积极作用,从而促进了农村环境卫生改善,但在灭四害工作、垃圾处理、生活污水处理等方面仍显不足,特别是忽视了村民生产生活行为的健康教育。Objective To explore the impact of the establishment of sanitary village on rural environmental sanitation in Ganzhou City,and to provide reference for relevant departments to formulate policies and measures.Methods Using stratified random sampling method,11 sanitary villages and 89 non-sanitary villages were selected in Ganzhou city,and five households were randomly selected from each village.A uniform questionnaire was adopted and data and materials were collected through on-site interview and questionnaire filling.Results The survey showed that the sanitary villages were superior to the non-sanitary villages in terms of the number of cleaners,allocation density of public garbage cans,cleanliness of rivers and ditches,coverage rate of sanitary toilets,the proportion of public toilets,harmless treatment of feces,coverage rate of centralized water supply,and breeding places for vector organisms.No significant differences were found in the investment of environmental funds,work of“eliminating four pests”,the proportion of domestic sewage treatment,sewage discharge sites,and waste drop-off sites.But the sanitary villages were inferior to the non-sanitary villages in terms of the habit of drinking water,handwashing,and straw burning.Conclusions The establishment of sanitary villages has played a positive role in rural environmental sanitation renovation,toilet improvement,harmless treatment of feces,allocation of cleaning human resources,and allocation of garbage cans,which has promoted the improvement of rural environmental sanitation.However,such work still needs to be improved including“eliminating four pests”,garbage treatment,and domestic sewage treatment,and what is highly ignored is the health education of villagers’production and life behavior.

关 键 词：卫生村创建 农村 环境卫生 卫生厕所 垃圾处理 污水处理 灭四害 

分 类 号：R19[医药卫生—卫生事业管理] R127[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]