云南极小种群大花石蝴蝶的生物学特性研究  

Biological Characteristics of Petrocosmea grandiflora with Extremely Small Populations in Yunnan

作　　者：孙亚瑞 何俊[3] 亚吉东[3] 华珊 孟静[1,2] SUN Ya-rui;HE Jun;YA Ji-dong;HUA Shan;MENG Jing(College of Horticulture and Landscape Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming Yunnan 650201,P.R.China;Yunnan Key Laboratory for Integrative Conservation of Plant Species with Extremely Small Populations,Kunming Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Kunming Yunnan 650201,P.R.China;Kunming Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Kunming Yunnan 650201,P.R.China;Black Dragon Pool Park of Kunming,Kunming Yunnan 650201,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学园林园艺学院,云南昆明650201 [2]云南省极小种群野生植物综合保护重点实验室,云南昆明650201 [3]中国科学院昆明植物研究所中国西南野生生物种质资源库,云南昆明650201 [4]昆明市黑龙潭公园,云南昆明650201

出　　处：《西部林业科学》2023年第1期113-121,共9页Journal of West China Forestry Science

基　　金：云南省极小种群野生植物综合保护重点实验室开放课题(PSESP2021F04)。

摘　　要：为探究云南极小种群野生植物大花石蝴蝶的生物学特性,以大花石蝴蝶为试材,采用透明胶带法、石蜡切片制片观测大花石蝴蝶叶解剖形态(叶表皮、叶切面形态),通过扫描电镜观察花粉形态,分别用MTT法、H2O2法测定不同时期的花粉活力和柱头可授性,研究不同预处理条件和不同解离时间对染色体制片的影响,并进行核型分析,利用流式细胞仪测定基因组大小。结果显示:(1)叶片上表皮的细胞轮廓为清晰、不规则的多边形,垂周壁平直;下表皮细胞轮廓为清晰的不规则形,垂周壁浅波状,气孔散生于叶下表皮,为平列型;栅栏组织由不规则细胞组成,海绵组织由圆形或不规则形的细胞组成。(2)花粉为近长球形,极面观三裂近三角形,具三拟孔沟,外壁为疣状纹饰,表面有颗粒突起。(3)花冠半开放至完全打开阶段花粉活力最高,为65.87%,而柱头可授性在花冠完全开放阶段最强。(4)根尖在0℃蒸馏水中预处理24 h和1 mol/L HCl+45%乙酸1︰1混合液解离3 min的条件下,能得到分散良好、形态清楚、便于观察的染色体。大花石蝴蝶为二倍体,具34条染色体,核型公式为2 n=2 x=34 m,核型类型属于1B型,核型不对称系数为53.99%。大花石蝴蝶基因组大小为1685.05 Mbp,1C DNA含量为1.72 pg。研究结果为大花石蝴蝶种质资源的保护和开发利用以及石蝴蝶属的分类鉴定提供参考。The biological characteristics of Petrocosmea grandiflora Hemsl.a wild plant with extremely small populations in Yunnan was conducted.The anatomical structure of leaves(leaf epidermis and leaf section-morphology)was observed by sellotape method and paraffin section.Pollen morphology was observed under a scanning electron microscope.Pollen viability and stigma receptivity were detected by MTT method and H2O2method.The effect of different pretreatment conditions and dissociation time on chromosome preparation was studied,and karyotype analysis was also carried out.Genome size was determined by flow cytometry.The results showed that:(1)The shapes of upper epidermis cells were clear and irregular polygon with straight anticlinal walls,and lower epidermis cells were clear and irregular with sinuous anticlinal walls.Stomata were distributed in the lower epidermis and were paracytic.The palisade tissue was consisted of irregular cells,and the spongy tissue was consisted of round or irregularly cells.(2)The pollen was subproboscular,three-lobed near-triangular in polar view,with 3-colporoid.The exine of the pollens was verrucate with grain protrusions on the surface.(3)The pollen viability reached the highest of 65.87% at the bud stage,while the stigmas receptivity to be pollinated was the strongest at the corolla completely open stage.(4)The roots were pretreated with distilled water at 0℃ for 24 h,after being macerated in a 1︰1 mixture of 1 mol/L HCl and 45% acetic acid at 60℃ for 3 minutes,then chromosomes with good dispersion,clear morphology and easy observation could be obtained.The karyotype analysis showed that there were 34 chromosomes in P.grandiflora.The karyotype formula was 2 n=2 x=34 m,the karyotype belonged to type 1B,and the karyotype asymmetry coefficient was 53.99%.The genome size of P.grandiflora was 1685.05 Mbp,and the 1C DNA content was 1.72 pg.The results of this study could provide references for the conservation,development and utilization of P.grandiflora and the taxonomic identification of

关 键 词：极小种群 大花石蝴蝶 生物学特性 细胞学 

分 类 号：Q944[生物学—植物学]