密度对榆林市不同玉米品种农艺性状及产量的影响  

Effects of Density on Agronomic Characters and Yield of Maize Varieties in Yulin City

作　　者：张洁 ZHANG Jie(Yulin Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Yulin,Shaanxi 719000)

机构地区：[1]榆林市农业科学研究院,陕西榆林719000

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2023年第1期36-38,41,共4页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家玉米产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-02)。

摘　　要：玉米的品种选择和种植密度对其农艺性状、产量起决定性作用,为了探讨如何选择适宜的品种和密度、提高陕北风沙滩区春玉米产量,以当地主栽玉米品种大丰30、陕单609、先玉335为供试材料,进行了5个梯度(4.5万、6.0万、7.5万、9.0万、10.5万株/hm^(2))下的田间试验,探索不同的种植密度对玉米单株叶面积、干物质积累量、株高、穗位高、产量以及产量构成因素的影响。研究结果表明,不同玉米品种的株高、穗位高、叶面积、秃尖长随着种植密度的增加而增加。干物质积累量、百粒重、穗长、穗粗随着种植密度的增加而降低。随着种植密度的增加,玉米产量呈先上升后降低的趋势,不同品种均在9.0万株/hm^(2)时,产量最高,陕单609较其他密度增产0.9%~3.9%,先玉335增产2.6%~10.9%,大丰30增产3.3%~21.7%,较其他密度增产21.67%;6.0万~9.0万株/hm^(2)密度下,大丰30产量最高,10.5万株/hm^(2)时,陕单609和先玉335表现较好。Maize variety selection and planting density played a decisive role in its agronomic traits and yield.In order to explore how to select suitable variety and density and to improve the yield of spring maize in the wind-sand beach area of northern Shaanxi,the main maize varieties Dafeng 30,Shaandan 609 and Xianyu 335 were used as test materials.Field experiments were carried out under 5 gradients(45000,60000,75000,90000 and 105000 plants/hm^(2))to explore the effects of different planting densities on leaf area per plant,dry matter accumulation,plant height,ear height,yield and yield components of maize.The results showed that plant height,ear height,leaf area and bare tip length of different maize varieties increased with the increase of planting density.Dry matter accumulation,100-grain weight,panicle length and panicle diameter decreased with the increase of planting density.With the increase of planting density,the yield of maize increased firstly and then decreased,and the yield of different varieties was the highest at 90000 plants/hm^(2).Shaandan 609,Xianyu 335,Dafeng 30 and other densities increased by 0.9%to 3.9%,2.6%to 10.9%,and 3.3%to 21.7%,respectively,compared with other densities.The yield of Dafeng 30 was the highest at the density of 60000-90000 plants/hm^(2),and Shandan 609 and Xianyu 335 were the best at the density of 105000 plants/hm^(2).

关 键 词：密度 玉米品种 农艺性状 产量 榆林市 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]