垄作沟播喷灌对油葵土壤水热调控及高效利用机理  

Regulation and Efficient Utilization Mechanism of Soil Water and Heat in Oil Sunflower by Ridge Planting and Furrow Seeding and Sprinkler Irrigation

作　　者：丁林[1] 王福霞 吴婕[1] 王文娟[1] DING Lin;WANG Fu-xia;WU Jie;WANG Wen-juan(Gansu Research Institute for Water Conservancy,Lanzhou 730000,Gansu Province,China;Gansu Water Conservancy and Hydropower Survey,Design and Research Institute Co.Ltd.,Gansu Province,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省水利科学研究院,甘肃兰州730000 [2]甘肃省水利水电勘测设计研究院有限责任公司,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《中国农村水利水电》2023年第2期141-147,159,共8页China Rural Water and Hydropower

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51769002);甘肃省重点研发计划项目(20YF3NA011);甘肃省水利科研与推广计划项目(202104,202204)。

摘　　要：垄作沟播喷灌技术对降水及灌溉水叠加利用效果明显,适用于北方井灌农业区。通过测定不同灌水处理下土壤水分变化、土壤温度变化、干物质积累与分配、产量、水分利用效率及效益等指标,分析了不同灌水处理对油葵土壤水分、土壤温度的调控、水热高效利用机理与效应。研究表明,垄作沟播处理可减少棵间蒸发,充分利用土壤中的冬季灌溉储水量和有限的灌溉水资源,提高了水分利用效率;其土壤温度变化幅度较CK(覆膜平作喷灌)小,且较为平缓,对土壤水热的调控效果明显,提高了水热利用效率,对油葵产量形成有促进作用。垄沟处理T3(垄作沟播喷灌,灌水定额36mm)、T4(垄作沟播喷灌,灌水定额42 mm)干物质积累量均高于其他垄沟处理和CK处理,在提高总体光合产物的同时提高了经济产品的积累量。在适宜灌水定额(T3)条件下,两年油葵产量较CK分别高6.1%和8.3%,水分利用效率分别提高0.34 kg/m^(3)和0.54 kg/m^(3),净产值分别提高6.7%和10.2%。在实际油葵种植生产中若采取垄作沟播喷灌技术,建议灌水定额以36mm为宜,灌水频率依据气候条件保持在3~5次。The technique of ridge planting and furrow sowing and sprinkling irrigation has obvious effect on the superposition utilization of precipitation and irrigation water, and is suitable for the well irrigation agricultural area in the north. By measuring soil moisture change, soil temperature change, dry matter accumulation and distribution, yield, water use efficiency and benefit under different irrigation treatments, the mechanism and effect of different irrigation treatments on soil moisture and soil temperature and water and heat efficient utilization of oil sunflower are analyzed. The results show that ridge and furrow seeding can reduce evaporation between trees, make full use of winter irrigation water storage and limited irrigation water resources, and improve water use efficiency. Compared with CK(effect of the culture sprinkler irrigation), the variation range of soil temperature is smaller and more gentle, and the regulation effect of soil moisture and heat is obvious, which improves the utilization efficiency of water and heat, and promotes the formation of oil sunflower yield. The dry matter accumulation of T3(furrow seeding sprinkler irrigation, irrigation quota of 36mm) and T4(furrow seeding sprinkler irrigation, irrigation quota of 42 mm)in ridge and furrow treatment is higher than that in other ridge and furrow treatments and CK treatments, which increases the total photosynthetic products and the accumulation of economic products. Under the condition of suitable irrigation quota(T3), the oil sunflower yield is 6.1%and 8.3% higher than CK, the water use efficiency is 0.34 and 0.54 kg/m^(3) higher than CK, and the net output value is 6.7% and 10.2% higher than CK. In the practice of oil sunflower planting and production, it is suggested that the irrigation quota should be 28 mm, and the irrigation frequency should be kept at 3~5 times according to the climatic conditions.

关 键 词：垄作沟播 喷灌 土壤水热调控 高效利用 

分 类 号：TV93[水利工程—水利水电工程] S275.3[农业科学—农业水土工程]