三维超浸润多孔材料在油水分离中的研究进展  

Research progress of three-dimensional super-wetting porous materials in oil-water separation

作　　者：刘战剑 杨金月 景境 张曦光 汪怀远[1,2] LIU Zhanjian;YANG Jinyue;JING Jing;ZHANG Xiguang;WANG Huaiyuan(College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Northeast Petroleum University,Daqing 163318,Heilongjiang,China;College of Chemical Engineering and Technology,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300350,China)

机构地区：[1]东北石油大学化学化工学院,黑龙江大庆163318 [2]天津大学化工学院,天津300350

出　　处：《化工进展》2023年第1期310-320,共11页Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress

基　　金：黑龙江省自然科学基金(LH2020E011);中国博士后基金(2021M700756);黑龙江省博士后基金(LBH-Z20124);东北石油大学科研启动基金(2019KQ85)。

摘　　要：受自然界超浸润现象的启发,三维超浸润多孔材料因其具有独特的油水分离优势受到科研工作者的广泛关注。本文首先分析了三维超浸润多孔油水分离材料的表面浸润性基础模型,包括Young模型、Wenzel模型和Cassie-Baxter模型;随后指出设计三维超浸润多孔材料的关键是调控材料的表面能和纳微结构,总结了三维超浸润多孔材料存在的独特优势,包括空隙率高、密度小、质地轻、比表面积大等特性;揭示了常见的三维超浸润多孔材料的油水分离原理,包括表面介质或基团对油滴/水滴的吸附效应以及不同亲疏性的选择效应。基于此,概括了不同种类三维超浸润多孔材料在油水分离领域中的研究进展,包括三维超浸润多孔海绵、三维超浸润多孔泡沫、三维超浸润多孔气凝胶,并针对不同类型三维超浸润多孔材料在油水分离过程中存在的独特优势和缺陷进行了总结,指出三维超浸润多孔材料在实际应用中存在的问题和挑战,并对研究出机械性能稳定、回弹性好、具备持久分离效果的三维超浸润多孔材料进行了展望。Inspired by the superwetting phenomenon in nature,three-dimensional superwetting porous materials have attracted extensive attention from scientific researchers due to their unique advantages of oil-water separation.Firstly,this paper analyzed the basic surface wetting model of three-dimensional super-wetting porous oil-water separation materials including Young model,Wenzel model and CassieBaxter model.Then,it was pointed out that the key to design three-dimensional superwetting porous materials was to control the surface energy and nano-microstructures of materials,and the oil-water separation principle of three-dimensional superwetting porous materials was briefly introduced.Moreover,the unique advantages of three-dimensional superwetting porous materials were summarized including high porosity,low density,light texture,large specific surface area and so on.The oil-water separation principle of the common three-dimensional superwetting porous materials was revealed that(i)the adsorption effect of surface media or groups on different oil/water droplets,and(ii)the surface selective effect on different oil/water affinities.Based on this,the research progress of different three-dimensional superwetting porous materials in the oil-water separation field was summed up including threedimensional super-wetting porous sponge,three-dimensional super-wetting porous foam and threedimensional super-wetting porous aerogel.The unique advantages and disadvantages of different types of three-dimensional porous materials in the oil-water separation process were summarized and pointed out the problems and challenges of three-dimensional superwetting porous materials in practical oil-water separation application.Finally,the development of three-dimensional superwetting porous materials with stable mechanical properties,good resilience and lasting separation affect was prospected.

关 键 词：三维 超浸润 多孔材料 油水分离 

分 类 号：TE991.2[石油与天然气工程—石油机械设备]