低蛋白质氨基酸平衡饲粮添加谷氨酸和精氨酸对断奶仔猪生长性能和血液指标的影响  

Effects of Amino Acid-balanced Low-Protein Diet Supplemented with Glutamate and Arginine on Growth and Serum Indicators of Weaned Piglets

作　　者：方桂友[1] 郭庆[1] 刘景[1] 林长光[1,2] 董志岩 FANG Guiyou;GUO Qing;LIU Jing;LIN Changguang;DONG Zhiyan(Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine Research,Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Fuzhou,Fujian 350003,China;Fujian Guanghua Best Eco-Agriculture Development Co.,Ltd.,Fuzhou,Fujian 350003,China)

机构地区：[1]福建省农业科学院畜牧兽医研究所,福建福州350003 [2]福建光华百斯特生态农牧发展有限公司,福建福州350003

出　　处：《福建农业学报》2022年第11期1407-1414,共8页Fujian Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：福建省科技计划公益类专项(2020R10260011);福建省科技重大专项(2021NZ029023-5)。

摘　　要：【目的】探讨较大程度降低饲粮粗蛋白质(Crude protein,CP)水平后添加必需氨基酸、谷氨酸和精氨酸对断奶仔猪生长性能、腹泻率和血液生化指标的影响。【方法】选用192头(26±2 d)健康的杜长大三元杂交断奶仔猪,随机分成4个处理组,每组设6个重复,每个重复8头猪。Ⅰ组为对照组,饲粮CP水平21.16%;Ⅱ组为低CP(15.97%)补充必需氨基酸(L-赖氨酸、DL-蛋氨酸、L-苏氨酸、L-色氨酸、L-缬氨酸、L-异亮氨酸)饲粮;Ⅲ组在Ⅱ组基础上添加1.5%谷氨酸,Ⅳ组在Ⅱ组基础上添加1.5%谷氨酸和1.0%精氨酸。试验期16 d,试验结束时,采集断奶仔猪结束体重、耗料量、腹泻天数和血液样品,测定仔猪日增重、料重比、腹泻率及血浆生化和激素指标。【结果】仔猪平均日增重(ADG)Ⅱ组显著低于Ⅰ组、Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组(P<0.05),Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组与Ⅰ组间差异不显著(P> 0.05)。平均日采食量(ADFI)各组间差异均不显著(P> 0.05)。料重比Ⅱ组显著高于其他处理组(P<0.05)。仔猪腹泻率Ⅱ组显著低于Ⅰ组(P<0.05),Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组均极显著低于Ⅰ组(P<0.01),显著低于Ⅱ组(P<0.05)。仔猪血浆乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、谷丙转氨酶(GPT)和谷草转氨酶(GOT)活性各组间差异均不显著(P>0.05),仔猪血浆二胺氧化酶(DAO)活性Ⅱ组比Ⅰ组显著升高(P<0.05),Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组均显著低于Ⅱ组(P<0.05),Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组与Ⅰ组相比均差异不显著(P>0.05)。血浆尿素氮(PUN)浓度Ⅱ组显著低于Ⅰ组、Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组(P<0.05)。血浆CCK浓度Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组均显著高于Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组(P<0.05),血浆IGF-1浓度Ⅳ组显著高于Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组(P<0.05),Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。【结论】将饲粮CP水平降低至15.97%,断奶仔猪生长性能受到不利影响,肠道屏障通透性受到不同程度影响,但能降低断奶仔猪腹泻率和血浆PUN浓度;添加谷氨酸后,能够恢复断奶仔猪生长性能,提高胃肠激素水平。因此,�【Objective】 Effects of a forage with reduced protein and a supplement of essential amino acids, glutamate, and arginine on the growth, diarrhea rate, and serum indicators of weaned piglets were studied. 【Method】 One-hundred-ninetytwo healthy(26±2)-day-old crossbred piglets(Duroc × Landrace ×Large White) were randomly divided into a control and 3 treatment groups. Each group comprised 6 replicates of 8 piglets. They were fed for 16 days with the following forages containing 21.16% crude protein(CP) as control(Group 1), low-protein of 15.97% CP supplemented with the essential amino acids including L-Lys, DL-Met, L-Thr, L-Thr, L-Val, and L-Ile(Group 2), 15.93% CP with the same added essential amino acid plus 1.5% glutamate(Group 3), and 15.95% CP with the added essential amino acids plus 1.5% glutamate and 1.0%arginine(Group 4). At end of the feeding, body weight, forage consumption, number of days with diarrhea, and blood samples of the piglets were collected for daily gain, feed to weight ratio, diarrhea rate, and plasma biochemicals and hormones determinations. 【Result】 The average daily weight gain(ADG) of the piglets in Group 2 was significantly lower than those in other groups(P<0.05). There were no significant ADG differences among those 3 groups, nor the average daily feed intake(ADFI) among all groups(P>0.05). The feed/gain(F/G) of Group 2 was significant higher than other groups(P<0.05). The diarrhea rate of Group 2 piglets was significantly lower than that of Group 1;Group 3 and Group 4 extremely significantly lower than that of Group 1;and Group 3 and Group 4 significantly lower than that of Group 2(P<0.05). The activities of serum LDH, ALP, GPT, and GOT among the 4 groups did not differ significantly(P>0.05). The DAO of Group 2 animals was significantly higher than that of Group 1;Group 3 and Group 4 significantly lower than Group 2;while Group 3 and Group 4not significant differed from Group 1(P> 0.05). The PUN of Group 2 was significantly lower than the other 3 groups(P<0.05). The CCK o

关 键 词：谷氨酸 精氨酸 生长性能 血液指标 低蛋白质饲粮 断奶仔猪 

分 类 号：S828[农业科学—畜牧学]