薄皮干酪菌生物学特性及驯化栽培  

Biological characteristics and artificial domestication cultivation of Tyromyces chioneus

作　　者：祁正祥 饶固 胡佳君 庹拥兰 张波[1] 钱可晴 QI Zhengxiang;RAO Gu;HU Jiajun;TUO Yonglan;ZHANG Bo;QIAN Keqing(Engineering Research Center of Edible and Medicinal Fungi,Ministry of Education,Jilin Agricultural University,Changchun 130118,Jilin,China;College of Biology and Food Engineering,Huanghuai University,Zhumadian 463000,Henan,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林农业大学食药用菌教育部工程研究中心,吉林长春130118 [2]黄淮学院生物与食品工程学院,河南驻马店463000

出　　处：《菌物学报》2023年第1期408-417,共10页Mycosystema

基　　金：吉林省教育厅产业化研究项目(JJKH20220358CY);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS20);新疆生产建设兵团重点领域科技攻关计划(2021AB004)。

摘　　要：大型真菌种质资源是国家种质资源库建设重要组成部分,为了充分开发利用大型真菌资源,对采自吉林省寒葱岭的一株野生菌进行分离纯化,并将获取的纯菌株作为实验材料。通过形态学和ITS序列分析,将其鉴定为薄皮干酪菌Tyromyces chioneus。本实验研究了固体培养条件下不同碳源、氮源、pH和温度对其菌丝生长的影响,并从4个单因素实验中选出3个最优水平进行正交实验。同时,在对其菌丝体最适培养条件研究结果的基础上,对其进行驯化栽培研究。结果表明,薄皮干酪菌的最适培养条件为:果糖(20g/L)、酵母浸粉(2g/L)、pH4.0、温度30℃。正交实验结果表明,氮源对其菌丝体生长的影响最大,其次是碳源、pH和温度。驯化栽培结果表明,菌丝发菌时间为21d;空气湿度为85%-95%,适量的散射光,降低温度至18-20℃刺激后原基逐步变成菇蕾,将温度、湿度分别提高至24-25℃、90%-98%,30 d后子实体成熟。通过本实验的研究为薄皮干酪菌的后续开发利用提供了基础实验数据。Macrofungal germplasm resources are an important part of the construction of national germplasm banks.A wild fungal strain from Hancongling of Jilin Province was isolated and purified,and identified as Tyromyces chioneus by morphological examination and ITS sequence analysis.The effects of carbon source,nitrogen source,pH and temperature on the mycelial growth under solid culture conditions were investigated,and three optimal levels from the four single-factor experiments were selected for orthogonal experiments.The results of experiments showed that the optimum carbon source was fructose(20 g/L),and nitrogen source was yeast extract(2 g/L);the fungus grew well under pH of 4.0 and temperature of 30℃.Orthogonal experiments showed that the nitrogen source had the greatest effect on the growth of mycelium,while carbon source,pH and temperature were subordinate.Domestication cultivation indicated that T.chioneus needed 9 days to form primordia and 30 days to form mature fruiting bodies under the conditions of 24–25℃,97%–98%humidity and astigmatic illumination.Subsequent exploitation of the fungus is in prospect.

关 键 词：野生菌资源 正交试验 散射光 原基 

分 类 号：Q949.32[生物学—植物学]