玉米青贮收获机多参数检测系统设计与试验  

Design and Experiment of Multi-parameter Detection System for Corn Silage Harvester

作　　者：汪凤珠[1,2] 赵博[1,2] 刘阳春[1,2] 毛文华[1,2] 王吉中 姜含露 WANG Fengzhu;ZHAO Bo;LIU Yangchun;MAO Wenhua;WANG Jizhong;JIANG Hanlu(Chinese Academy of Agricultural Mechanization Sciences Group Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100083,China;State Key Laboratory of Soil Plant Machine System Technology,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业机械化科学研究院集团有限公司,北京100083 [2]土壤植物机器系统技术国家重点实验室,北京100083

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2023年第1期127-136,共10页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFB1709603)。

摘　　要：针对当前玉米青贮收获机作业参数人工检测效率低、自动检测手段匮乏、检测参数间相互独立、难以支撑关联分析等问题,设计了基于CAN总线和虚拟仪器的玉米青贮收获机田间多参数检测系统。该检测系统由作业质量检测装置、机械部件工况检测装置、液压部件工况检测装置和上位机监测软件构成,可以实现发动机输出转速与扭矩、割茬高度、收获生产率、割台工作转速与扭矩、切碎辊工作转速与扭矩、抛送风机工作转速与扭矩、行走部件转速与扭矩、喂入部液压泵输出流量与压力等多种参数的系统性测量与综合分析,并结合现行标准用于玉米青贮收获作业的整机合格性评价。田间试验结果表明,多参数检测系统能够实现玉米青贮收获机作业参数的全面、动态、连续和稳定测量。其中,扭矩参数静态测量的最大相对误差在±0.5%范围内,空载工况下的试验组间均值差异性不大于0.75 N·m,试验组内重复性测量最大极差为1.28 N·m,最大变异系数为0.012;收获工况下的检测数据与实际工况始终保持一致,可以准确获取不同机器参数下的整机转速与扭矩动态变化趋势;液压流量参数测量的最大相对误差为1.13%,额定作业工况下的相对误差为0.53%;收获生产率参数测量的模型回归系数为0.89,平均相对误差为11.1%;割茬高度参数测量的最大相对误差为4.78%。玉米青贮收获机作业性能综合测试系统通信正常,数据采集稳定可信,有效降低田间检测复杂度,可为玉米青贮收获机的参数在线检测、适用性综合评价与整机设计优化等提供技术支持。In order to solve the problems of the low efficiency of manual detection, the lack of automatic detection methods, the independence of the detection parameters and the difficulty of supporting correlation analysis in corn silage harvester, a multi-parameter data monitoring system for silage machines based on CAN bus and virtual instruments was designed. The monitoring system was composed of operation quality detection device, mechanical parts power detection device, hydraulic component power monitoring device and monitoring software, which can realize systematic measurement and comprehensive analysis of various parameters such as engine speed and torque, stubble retention height, harvesting efficiency, header part speed and torque, chopping roller speed and torque, throwing fan speed and torque, walking part speed and torque, feeding pump inlet and outlet pressure and hydraulic pipeline flow, etc. And the qualification evaluation of the whole machine can be realized under the current national standard. The field test results showed that the multi-parameter test system can realize the comprehensive, dynamic, continuous and stable measurement of the operating parameters in the field, and the maximum relative error of torque parameters in the static measurement was not more than ±0.5%. The mean difference between the test groups was not more than 0.75 N·m under no-load condition, while the maximum range of the repeatability measurement was 1.28 N·m, and the maximum coefficient of variation was 0.012;the monitoring data was always consistent with the actual working conditions under harvesting condition, and the dynamic trend of torque and speed parameters for the whole machine can be accurately obtained under different harvest conditions;the maximum relative error of hydraulic flow parameter in the dynamic measurement was 1.13%, and the relative error was 0.53% under the rated operating conditions. The model regression coefficient of harvesting efficiency measurement was 0.89, while the average relative error was

关 键 词：玉米青贮收获机 作业质量 检测系统 CAN总线 虚拟仪器 

分 类 号：S225.8[农业科学—农业机械化工程] S237[农业科学—农业工程]