两种红火蚁监测方法应用效果的比较  

Comparison of application effects of two methods to monitoring red fire ants, Solenopsis invicta Buren (Hymenoptera:Formicidae)

作　　者：黄俊[1,2] 丁浩毅[2] 钱诚 张娟 李晓维 刘又高[4] 章金明[1] 张治军[1] 吕要斌[1,2] HUANG Jun;DING Hao-Yi;QIAN Cheng;ZHANG Juan;LI Xiao-Wei;LIU You-Gao;ZHANG Jin-Ming;ZHANG Zhi-Jun;Lü Yao-Bin(State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products,Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology,Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hangzhou 310021,China;College of Modern Agriculture,Zhejiang A&F University,Hangzhou 311300,China;Institute of Garden Plants and Flowers,Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hangzhou 311122,China;Zhejiang Institute of Subtropical Crops,Wenzhou 325005,Zhejiang Province,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江省农业科学院植物保护与微生物研究所,省部共建农产品质量安全危害因子与风险防控国家重点实验室,杭州310021 [2]浙江农林大学现代农学院,杭州311300 [3]浙江省园林植物与花卉研究所,杭州311122 [4]浙江省亚热带作物研究所,浙江温州325005

出　　处：《环境昆虫学报》2022年第6期1389-1395,共7页Journal of Environmental Entomology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1000500);浙江省公益技术应用研究计划(LGN21C140005);浙江省“三农九方”科技协作项目(2022SNJF075);温州市重大科技创新攻关项目(ZS2021002)。

摘　　要：红火蚁Solenopsis invicta是全国农业、林业和进境植物检疫性有害生物,是世界自然保护联盟收录的最具有破坏力的入侵生物之一。高效精准监测红火蚁在其防控中尤为重要,而诱饵诱集是监测红火蚁的有力措施,相对诱饵的筛选和改进,诱集器方面研究则较为滞后。本文对“透明塑料瓶+火腿肠”(PS)和“新型诱集器+火腿肠”(TS)这两类诱集器的红火蚁诱集效果进行比较分析。结果表明,下午1∶30至3∶30时段,PS处理透明塑料瓶在放置5 min之后存在明显的升温效应,伴随着诱集到的红火蚁数量明显减少,诱集到红火蚁的诱饵比例也下降明显,较TS处理下降了43.6%。而且,TS的投放时间和回收耗时均明显比PS的短;在复杂的荒地生境中,投放的诱集器数量越多,PS的诱集器回收率则越低;当投放的诱集器达到90个时,PS处理回收率为92.34%,而TS处理为98.67%。综合上述分析,诱集方法TS由于诱饵开放、诱集和标示一体、稳定性好等特点在应用效果上较PS有优势,适用面更广,今后还需对其进一步完善和改进并应用于红火蚁的调查监测。Red imported fire ant(RIFA, Solenopsis invicta Buren) is one of the most destructive invasive organisms listed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature(IUCN), and is the insect pest for agricultural, forestry and import plant quarantine in China. Effective and accurate monitoring of RIFAs is particularly important in the prevention and control of RIFAs, and bait-trapping is a powerful measure to monitor RIFAs. Compared with the screening and improvement of bait, the research on trap detector lags behind. Here, the application effects of two monitoring methods(i.e., “plastic bottle+sausage”(PS) and “novel trap+sausage”(TS)) on RIFAs were compared and analyzed. The results showed that plastic bottle with PS treatment had an obvious warming effect after 5 min between 1 ∶30 and 3 ∶30 p.m, with a significant decrease in the number of RIFAs, and the proportion of bait that collected RIFAs decreased by 43.6% compared with TS treatment. Additionally, the time consumed by placed or retrieved traps with TS treatment was significantly shorter than that of PS treatment. In the complex wasteland habitat, the more traps were placed, the lower the trap recovery rate with PS treatment was;when the number of traps reached 90, the recovery rate with PS treatment was 92.34%, while that of TS treatment was 98.67%. Based on the above analysis, we suggested that monitoring method-TS had advantages over PS in application effects due to its characteristics of open bait, integration of trap and labeling, and good stability. Monitoring method-TS was suitable for a wider range of applications, and needed to be further improved and applied to the investigation and monitoring of RIFAs in the future.

关 键 词：红火蚁 监测 诱饵 觅食 入侵生物 

分 类 号：Q968.1[生物学—昆虫学] S433[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]