表皮碳氢化合物在3种火蚁属蚂蚁成虫鉴定中的应用  

Identification of adult Solenopsis invicta,S.richteri and S.invicta×S.richteri by using cuticular hydrocarbons

作　　者：李群臣 石庆型[1] 陈婷[1] 陈洁[1] 吕利华[1] 齐国君[1] LI Qun-Chen;SHI Qing-Xing;CHEN Ting;CHEN Jie;LYU Li-Hua;QI Guo-Jun(Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection/Plant Protection Research Institute,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guangzhou 510640,China;College of Plant Protection,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,China)

机构地区：[1]广东省农业科学院植物保护研究所/广东省植物保护新技术重点实验室,广州510640 [2]华南农业大学植物保护学院,广州510642

出　　处：《环境昆虫学报》2022年第6期1414-1425,共12页Journal of Environmental Entomology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2021YFD1000500,2022YFC2601400);国家自然科学基金(31801805);广东省现代农业产业共性关键技术研发创新团队建设项目(2022KJ134);2022年农业农村厅乡村振兴战略专项省级项目。

摘　　要：红火蚁Solenopsis invicta是火蚁属重要的入侵蚂蚁,与其近缘种黑火蚁S.richteri和杂交蚁S.invicta×S.richteri形态相似,难以区分。为了快速准确鉴定3种火蚁属近缘种,本研究利用气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS),解析3种火蚁的工蚁、有翅雌蚁、有翅雄蚁的表皮碳氢化合物种类和含量,并进行主成分分析、判别分析及聚类分析。结果表明:3种火蚁共检测到62种表皮碳氢化合物,主要包括一甲基烷烃、二甲基烷烃和正构烷烃等;红火蚁、黑火蚁及杂交蚁不同品级的表皮碳氢化合物种类及含量存在显著的种间差异,红火蚁不同地理种群的表皮碳氢化合物种类及含量相似度较高;建立3种火蚁相应品级的分类判别函数,可准确区分各品级下的3种火蚁。因此,表皮碳氢化合物组成分析可用于红火蚁及其近缘种的分类鉴定,为口岸火蚁属蚂蚁的快速检疫鉴定提供新技术。Red imported fire ant(RIFA), Solenopsis invicta is an important invasive fire ant species, which is similar to taxonomic character of black imported fire ant(BIFA), S. richteri and hybrid imported fire ant(HIFA), S. invicta × S. richteri. It is difficult to distinguish them by their appearance. In order to identify three closely related species of RIFA, BIFA and HIFA, the components and contents of cuticular hydrocarbons(CHCs) from worker, female and male winged forms of the three fire ants were analyzed by Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometer(GC-MS), principal component analysis, discriminant analysis and cluster analysis. The result indicated that a total of 62 CHCs components were separated from the epidermis of the three species, including monomethyl alkanes, dimethyl alkanes and n-alkane. There were significant interspecific differences in the components and contents of CHCs among three castes of the three species of fire ants. While the CHCs components and contents between two RIFA populations in Guangdong, China and Mississippi, USA were relatively similar. Cluster discriminant functions of different castes of the three species of fire ants were established by principal component analysis and discriminant analysis, which accurately distinguished workers, female and male winged forms of the three fire ants. Therefore, CHCs can be used for taxonomic identification of the three related species of RIFA, BIFA and HIFA. The result would provide a new technical tool for the port quarantine rapid detection and identification of some species of Solenopsis.

关 键 词：表皮碳氢化合物 火蚁 气相色谱-质谱联用仪 

分 类 号：Q968.1[生物学—昆虫学] S433[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]