国外污染场地制度控制及对我国场地风险管控的启示  

Institutional control for contaminated site in foreign country and enlightment for risk control of contamination site in China

作　　者：马妍[1] 史鹏飞 彭政 魏国 康日峰 熊忠 樊艳玲 刘增俊 王东[6] 王丽芳 MA Yan;SHI Pengfei;PENG Zheng;WEI Guo;KANG Rifeng;XIONG Zhong;FAN Yanling;LIU Zengjun;WANG Dong;WANG Lifang(School of Chemical&Environmental Engineering,China University of Mining&Technology-Beijing,Beijing 100083,China;Foreign Environmental Cooperation Center,Ministry of Ecology and Environment,Beijing 100035,China;Beijing Beitou Eco-Environment Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 101113,China;Haley&Aldrich,Inc.CA,U.S.92612;Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Eco-Environmental Protection,Beijing 100037,China;Chongqing Solid Waste Management Center,Chongqing 401147,China)

机构地区：[1]中国矿业大学(北京)化学与环境工程学院,北京100083 [2]生态环境部对外合作与交流中心,北京100035 [3]北京北投生态环境有限公司,北京101113 [4]Haley&Aldrich,Inc.美国加尼福尼亚州92612 [5]北京市生态环境保护科学研究院,北京100037 [6]重庆市固体废物管理中心,重庆401147

出　　处：《环境工程学报》2022年第12期4095-4107,共13页Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC1801405);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2022SKHH01);中国矿业大学(北京)越崎青年学者资助计划(2019QN09)。

摘　　要：制度控制作为一种重要的污染场地风险管控措施,被美国、加拿大等国家广泛用于场地治理。近几年我国污染场地治理也在尝试采用这种手段,但我国制度控制目前存在理论研究不足、落地困难、应用不精细以及流程不完整等问题。为完善我国污染场地制度控制,剖析了我国制度控制应用现状和问题,研究了美国、加拿大等国家污染场地制度控制的理论体系与应用特征。通过借鉴国外经验,结合我国实践,尝试提出了包含各关键节点的制度控制框架流程,包括制度控制必要性识别、制度控制方案编制、方案审批、实施、评估和调整终止等。提出了我国污染场地制度控制的完善建议:多元化制度控制实施路径;细化不同类型场地的制度控制限制性要求;开展制度控制日常维护与监督,以期为我国污染场地制度控制策略的精细化发展与应用提供支撑。Institutional control(IC), as an important risk control technology for contaminated site, has been widely used in the United States, Canada and other countries. In recent years, China has tried to apply this method for contaminated site, but there are some obstacles with IC application in China, such as insufficient theoretical research, difficulty in practicing, imprecise application and incomplete process. In order to improve IC of contaminated sites in China, this paper analyzed the application status and problems of IC in China by literature research, case investigation and statistical analysis, and studied the theoretical system and application characteristics of IC in the United States, Canada. Based on foreign experience and Chinese practice, this paper tries to put forward the process covering several key nodes, including IC necessity identification, IC scheme formulation, scheme approval, implementation, evaluation, adjustment and termination, etc. Finally, suggestions for the improvement of IC in China were put forward: the implementation path of diversified IC, refining IC restriction requirements of different types of sites, carrying out routine maintenance and supervision of IC, in order to provide support for the development and application of IC strategies for contaminated sites in China.

关 键 词：污染场地 制度控制 职责 限制性要求 实施机制 定期评估 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]