煤系战略性金属元素富集成矿的构造控制  

Tectonic control on enrichment and metallogenesis of strategic metal elements in coal measures

作　　者：曹代勇[1,2] 魏迎春[1,2] 秦国红 宁树正 王安民[1,2] 张昀 李新 位金昊 徐来鑫 CAO Daiyong;WEI Yingchun;QIN Guohong;NING Shuzheng;WANG Anmin;ZHANG Yun;LI Xin;WEI Jinhao;XU Laixin(College of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering,China University of Mining and Technology(Beijing),Beijing 100083,China;State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safe Mining,China University of Mining and Technology(Beijing),Beijing 100083,China;School of Geographic Sciences,Hebei Normal University,Shijiazhuang 050024,China;General Prospecting Institute of China National Administration of Coal Ceology,Beijing 100039,China)

机构地区：[1]中国矿业大学(北京)地球科学与测绘工程学院,北京100083 [2]中国矿业大学(北京)煤炭资源与安全开采国家重点实验室,北京100083 [3]河北师范大学地理科学学院,河北石家庄050024 [4]中国煤炭地质总局勘查研究总院,北京100039

出　　处：《煤田地质与勘探》2023年第1期66-85,共20页Coal Geology & Exploration

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFC2902004);国家自然科学基金项目(42072197)。

摘　　要：煤系战略性金属矿产的聚集分布是多因素、多阶段、多层次综合作用的结果,地质构造控制作用是其中一个值得重视的因素。煤中战略性金属富集成矿的构造控制因素包括大地构造背景,构造运动,构造–岩浆活动等方面,体现在对金属矿产载体——含煤岩系的控制、对成矿物质来源的控制、对元素原生聚集和后期迁移重组的控制。从煤系矿产物源相关、耦合成矿、同盆共存的角度分析,构造作用对战略性金属富集成矿的控制贯穿于含煤盆地形成与演化的全过程。聚煤期前的构造运动奠定煤盆地基底构造格局,构造沉降和隆升提供了聚煤作用的场所和含煤岩系的物源区,从而决定了含煤岩系及其战略性金属元素的物质基础。聚煤期构造作用主要表现为盆–山耦合过程、同沉积期构造活动、岩浆作用等方式,通过对聚煤源–汇系统、岩相古地理与聚煤环境、泥炭沼泽类型及地球化学条件等因素的影响,决定成矿物质在泥炭化阶段和成岩作用阶段的迁移与原生聚集。聚煤期后的构造–热演化过程对金属元素迁移重组产生不同程度的影响,主要体现在构造沉降增温和岩浆热效应、构造格局与含矿热液活动、应力应变控矿机制,以及煤田构造定位决定矿床赋存状态。煤系战略性金属元素富集成矿构造控制研究应注重加强以下4个方面:与煤盆地沉积充填相关联的大地构造格局与演化、作为含矿流体运移通道的断裂构造特征、不同时期岩浆活动的影响差异性,以及应力应变的构造物理化学效应。The accumulation and distribution of strategic metal minerals in coal measures is the comprehensive result of multi-factors, multi-stages and multi-levels, amongst which the tectonic control is an important factor. The tectonic controlling factors of strategic metal enrichment and mineralization in coal measures include tectonic background, tectonic movement, tectono-magmatic activity, etc., which are reflected in the control of the metal mineral carrier(i.e., coal-bearing rock series), the source of metallogenic materials and the initial aggregation of elements and the later migration and recombination. The entire process of formation and evolution of coal-bearing basins is pervasively influenced by the control of tectonic processes on the enrichment and mineralization of strategic metals, as indicated by coal-measure mineral product source correlation, coupled mineralization, and coexistence in the same basin. The tectonic movement before coal-accumulating period established the structural pattern of coal basin basement, and the subsidence and uplift provided the place of coal-accumulating and the source area of coal measures, which thereby determines the material basis of coal measures and its strategic metal elements. During the coal-accumulating period, the tectonism is mainly reflected in the main forms of basin-mountain coupling behavior, syndepositional structure activity, magmatic activity, etc.Through the influence of coal-accumulating source-to-sink system, the lithofacies-paleogeography and coal-accumulating environment, the types of peat swamp and geochemistry conditions, tectonic process determines the migration and primary accumulation of metallogenic materials in the peatization and diagenesis stages. The tectonic-thermal evolution after the coal-accumulating period has different effects on the migration and reorganization of metal elements, reflecting in the tectonic subsidence heating and magma thermal effect, the tectonic framework and ore-bearing hydrothermal activity, the stress-strain ore-co

关 键 词：煤系 战略性金属元素 成矿作用 构造控制 煤田构造 

分 类 号：P618.11[天文地球—矿床学] P542[天文地球—地质学]