从1D到4D:煤田地震勘探的技术进步及启示  

From 1D to 4D: Advances and thoughts on coal seismic technology

作　　者：程建远 张宪旭 蒋必辞 王盼 单蕊[1] CHENG Jianyuan;ZHANG Xianxu;JIANG Bici;WANG Pan;SHAN Rui(CCTEG Xi’an Research Institute(Group)Co.,Ltd.,Xi’an 710077,China;China Coal Research Institute,Beijing 100013,China;College of Geology and Environment,Xi’an University of Science and Technology,Xi’an 710054,China)

机构地区：[1]中煤科工西安研究院(集团)有限公司,陕西西安710077 [2]煤炭科学研究总院,北京100013 [3]西安科技大学地质与环境学院,陕西西安710054

出　　处：《煤田地质与勘探》2023年第1期247-258,共12页Coal Geology & Exploration

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC0807804);国家自然科学基金项目(42074175)。

摘　　要：作为煤矿安全高效地质保障系统的核心技术之一,我国煤田地震勘探技术已经形成了从一维地震(1D)、二维地震(2D)到三维地震(3D)的技术系列,实现了从资源勘探向采区勘探、从构造勘探向岩性勘探的技术进步,而四维地震(4D)将进一步实现地震勘探从静态探测到动态探测的技术跨越。基于空间-时间维度的概念,在1D到4D地震勘探4个发展阶段的基础上,提出了1.5D(如非零偏移距VSP)、2.5D(如宽线二维地震)和3.5D(如三维地震动态解释)等3个过渡阶段,给出了1D与1.5D、2D与2.5D、3D与3.5D以及4D等7个不同阶段的时间-空间特征。研究发现:(1)煤田地震勘探从低维到高维、从空间维到时空维的维度增加,使得地震勘探所获地下信息量出现指数级增长,地震勘探解决地质问题的精度相应得到了显著的提高,这是煤田地震勘探技术不断进步的内在引擎;(2)基础理论研究的厚积薄发、地震勘探仪器的升级换代和煤矿开采技术的需求驱动,是煤田地震勘探技术持续进步的外部驱动力;(3)跨学科、跨行业和跨部门的学科交叉与技术融合,加速了煤田地震勘探技术的迭代升级。As one of the key technologies for safe and efficient support of coalmine geology, the seismic technology, has gone through one-dimensional(1D), two-dimensional(2D), and three-dimensional(3D), and progressed from resource exploration to mining area exploration, and from structural exploration to lithological exploration. The latest 4D seismic will further leapfrog from static detection to dynamic detection. Based on the concepts of time-space dimensions and the four seismic development stages, we propose three transitional stages from 1.5D(e.g., non-zero offset VSP), 2.5D(e.g.,wide line 2D seismic exploration) to 3.5D(e.g., 3D seismic dynamic interpretation), and also present the time-space characteristics of the seven seismic stages, including 1D, 1.5D, 2D, 2.5D, 3D, 3.5D and 4D. Results show that:(1) The increase of coal seismic dimension from low to high, from space to space-time, makes the amount of underground information grow exponentially;the accuracy of solution to geological problems is improved significantly, which is the internal engine of continuous development of seismic technology for coals.(2) The accumulation of fundamental theoretical research, the upgrading of seismic exploration instruments, and the demand of coal mining technologies, are the external driving force for the continuous advancement of seismic technology.(3) The interdisciplinary research and technological integration over multiple disciplines, industries and sectors have accelerated the iteration and upgrading of seismic technology of coal field.

关 键 词：煤田地震 时间维度 空间维度 三维地震 四维地震 技术进步 

分 类 号：TD67[矿业工程—矿山机电]