从“五四宪法”到“八二宪法”:对话中国宪法变迁  

The Changes in China’s Constitution:A Dialogue Focusing on the Changes from the 1954 Constitution to the 1982 Constitution

作　　者：韩大元[1] 于文豪[2] Han Dayuan;Yu Wenhao

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学法学院 [2]中央财经大学法学院

出　　处：《法治现代化研究》2022年第6期1-15,共15页Law and Modernization

摘　　要：“五四宪法”确立了社会主义宪法的传统和精神,其制定过程和内容充分体现了民主原则和社会主义原则。“八二宪法”的制定和实施受到“五四宪法”的深远影响。宪法理念与经济成长、社会进步之间具有内在的互动关系,经济社会发展需要发挥宪法的调整作用。中国的立宪和宪法实施进程是社会结构变动和经济社会发展进步的结果。宪法是价值、文本、文化与实践的统一体,宪法文本体现了社会共同体的价值共识,应当保持稳定、连贯和融贯。在百年未有之大变局下,各国宪法正面临结构性挑战,必然产生新的变迁。宪法实施既是宪法变迁的动力,也是宪法变迁的表现、对象和边界。面向未来的中国宪法发展,需要在宪法实施和监督方面作出更多努力,把全面贯彻实施宪法提高到一个新水平。The 1954 Constitution established the tradition and spirit of the socialist constitution,and its formulation process and content proper fully embodied the principles of democracy and socialism.The formulation and implementation of the 1982 Constitution was profoundly influenced by the 1954 Constitution.However,there is an inherent interaction between the concept of the constitution and economic growth and social progress,which requires the adjustment of the constitution.Therefore,the process of constitution-making and constitutional implementation in China is the result of the changes in the social structure and of the progress in economic and social development.The constitution is a unity of values,text,culture and practice,and the text of the constitution embodies the value consensus of the society and should remain stable,consistent,and coherent.Amid global changes of a magnitude not seen in a century,the constitutions of almost all the national states in the world are facing structural challenges and new changes are bound to emerge.The implementation of the constitution is both the driving force and the manifestation,object,and boundary of constitutional changes.China’s constitutional development in the future requires more efforts in constitutional implementation and supervision to raise the full implementation of the constitution to a new level.

关 键 词：“五四宪法” “八二宪法” 宪法变迁 宪法精神 宪法实施 

分 类 号：D921[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]