不同负荷弹腿练习对太极拳选修课学生姿势控制的影响  

Effects of Different Intensity of Leg Kick Exercises on the Posture Control of Students in Taijiquan Elective Course

作　　者：李有华[1] 李英奎[1] 张维凯[1] LI Youhua;LI Yingkui;ZHANG Weikai(Beijing Sport University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]北京体育大学,北京100084

出　　处：《中国体育科技》2023年第2期62-69,共8页China Sport Science and Technology

基　　金：国家体育总局武术研究院课题委托重大项目(WSH2018A005)。

摘　　要：目的:探讨不同负荷弹腿练习对高校太极拳选修课学生姿势控制(如静态平衡能力、动态平衡能力、膝关节肌力和膝关节本体感觉)的影响。方法:70名太极拳选修课学生随机分为4组:低强度弹腿练习组(LTT,n=17)、中强度弹腿练习组(MTT,n=18)、高强度弹腿练习组(HTT,n=16)、对照组(CON,n=19)。LTT组、MTT组和HTT组分别进行不同负荷的弹腿练习,CON组进行常规太极拳选修课教学,干预周期为6周(每周2次,每次20 min)。在基线(干预前)、干预后4周(干预中期)和干预后6周(干预后期)对闭眼单足站立测试(unipedal stance test,UST)、星形偏移平衡测试(star excursion balance test,SEBT)、60(°)/s角速度下膝关节屈伸相对峰值力矩(relative peak torque,RPT)、膝关节位置觉(knee joint position perception,KJPP)进行评估。结果:LTT组干预前-干预后期之间SEBT、RPT、KJPP以及干预前-干预中期之间KJPP有显著改善效果(P<0.05);MTT组干预前-干预后期之间以及干预前-干预中期之间UST、SEBT、RPT、KJPP均有显著改善效果(P<0.05);HTT组干预前-干预后期之间UST、SEBT、RPT、KJPP以及干预前-干预中期之间UST、KJPP有显著改善效果(P<0.05)。UST方面,HTT组优于LTT组(P<0.05);SEBT方面,MTT组优于LTT组(P<0.05);KJPP方面,MTT组优于LTT组(P<0.05)。结论:6周不同负荷弹腿练习可以有效提高太极拳选修课学生的姿势控制能力,且中强度弹腿练习是最佳负荷练习手段。Objective:To explore the effects of different intensity of leg kick exercises on students’posture control such as static balance ability,dynamic balance ability,knee muscle strength and proprioception in the elective course of Taijiquan in colleges.Methods:Seventy college students in Taijiquan elective course were randomly divided into 4 groups:Low-intensity leg kick group(LTT,n=17),medium-intensity leg kick group(MTT,n=18),high-intensity leg kick group(HTT,n=16)and control group(CON,n=19).The LTT group,MTT group and HTT group were given different intensity of leg kick exercises,and the CON group was given regular Taijiquan elective courses.The intervention period were 6 weeks(2 times a week,20 min each time).At baseline(pre-intervention),4 weeks after intervention(mid-intervention)and 6 weeks after intervention(late intervention),unipedal stance test(UST),star excursion balance test(SEBT),60(°)/s angular velocity knee joint flexion and extension relative peak torque(RPT)and knee joint position perception(KJPP)were evaluated.Results:The LTT group had significant improvement effects on SEBT,RPT,KJPP between pre-intervention and late intervention,KJPP between pre-intervention and mid-intervention(P<0.05);MTT group had significant improvement effects on UST,SEBT,RPT,KJPP between pre-intervention and mid-intervention and between pre-intervention and late intervention(P<0.05);HTT group had significant improvement effects on UST,SEBT,RPT,KJPP between pre-intervention and late intervention,UST,KJPP between pre-intervention and mid-intervention(P<0.05).In terms of UST,HTT group is better than LTT group(P<0.05);in SEBT,MTT group is better than LTT group(P<0.05);in KJPP,MTT group is better than LTT group(P<0.05).Conclusions:six week leg kick exercises with different loads can effectively improve the posture control ability of the students in Taijiquan elective course,and the medium-intensity leg kick is the best load exercise method to improve the posture control of the students in Taijiquan elective course.

关 键 词：弹腿练习 姿势控制 太极拳 大学生 

分 类 号：G852.11[文化科学—民族体育]