不同贮藏年限莜麦种子生理特性变化及遗传物质畸变研究  

Changes of Physiological Characteristics and Genetic Material Distortion of Naked Oats Seeds with Different Storage Years

作　　者：张巧仙 李强 刘晓洁 唐宇 ZHANG Qiaoxian;LI Qiang;LIU Xiaojie;TANG Yu(Department of Life Sciences,Lüliang University,Lüliang 033001,China)

机构地区：[1]吕梁学院生命科学系,山西吕梁033001

出　　处：《华北农学报》2022年第S01期44-50,共7页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica

基　　金：山西省“三区”科技人才专项计划;吕梁市重点研发项目(2021NYGG-2-66)。

摘　　要：为明确莜麦贮藏过程中生理特性和遗传物质的变化规律。以晋燕8号、晋燕17号、坝莜1号为试材,测定了不同贮藏年限莜麦种子的发芽率、发芽势、丙二醛(MDA)含量、过氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、过氧化物酶(POD)活性、多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性,镜检统计遗传物质畸变的细胞数量。结果表明:莜麦种子的发芽率、发芽势随着贮藏年限的延长而下降,贮藏8 a坝莜1号降幅最大,分别降低80.84,88.02百分点;莜麦种子MDA的含量随着贮藏年限的延长而增加,贮藏8 a晋燕8号增幅最大,提高5.68倍;莜麦种子SOD、CAT、POD和PPO活性随着贮藏年限的延长而减弱,贮藏8 a坝莜1号减幅最大分别是84.66%,74.38%,54.09%,81.44%;莜麦种子遗传物质发生畸变的细胞数量随着贮藏年限延长而增多,3个品种贮藏8 a平均增加11.87倍。发芽率与MDA含量、SOD活性、CAT活性、POD活性、PPO活性、畸变细胞数量极显著相关(P<0.01),畸变细胞数量与MDA含量、SOD活性、CAT活性、POD活性、PPO活性极显著相关(P<0.01)。坝莜1号耐贮藏最好,晋燕17次之,晋燕8号最差。莜麦种子发芽率、发芽势随着贮藏年限延长而下降,SOD、CAT、POD、PPO活性随着贮藏年限延长而减弱,MDA的含量、畸变细胞数量随着贮藏年限延长而上升;SOD、CAT、POD活性是种子生存的必须酶,但不是种子发芽的关键酶。In order to explore the changes of physiological characteristics and genetic materials of naked oats during storage,the germination rate,germination potential,malondialdehyde(MDA)content,peroxidase dismutase(SOD)activity,catalase(CAT)activity,peroxidase(POD)activity and polyphenol oxidase(PPO)activity of naked oats seeds with different storage years were measured.The number of cells with genetic material distortion was counted by microscopic examination.The results showed that the germination rate and germination potential of naked oats seeds decreased with the extension of storage years.After storage for 8 years,Bayou 1 decreased by 86.42 and 96.92 percentage points;the content of MDA in naked oats seeds increased with the extension of storage years,and the maximum increase of Jinyan 8 was 5.68 times;the activities of SOD,CAT,POD and PPO of naked oats seeds decreased with the extension of storage years.After 8 years of storage,Bayou 1 decreased the most,which were 84.66%,74.38%,54.09%and 81.44%respectively;the number of cells with genetic material distortion in naked oats increased with the extension of storage years,and the average increase of the three varieties for 8 years was 11.87 times.The germination rate was significantly correlated with MDA content,SOD activity,CAT activity,POD activity,PPO activity and the number of aberrant cells(P<0.01),and the number of aberrant cells was significantly correlated with MDA content,SOD activity,CAT activity,POD activity and PPO activity(P<0.01).Bayou 1 had the best storage resistance,Jinyan 17 was the second,and Jinyan 8 was the worst.The germination rate and germination potential of naked oats decreased with the extension of storage years,the activities of SOD,CAT,POD and PPO decreased with the extension of storage years,and the content of MDA and the number of distorted cells increased with the extension of storage years;SOD,CAT and POD activities are essential enzymes for seed survival,but not the key enzymes for seed germination.

关 键 词：莜麦 贮藏年限 生理特性 遗传物质畸变 

分 类 号：S543.03[农业科学—作物学]