群体调控对杂交小麦源库系统的影响  

Effects of Population Regulation on the Source-sink System of Hybrid Wheat

作　　者：张胜全[1] 王拯[1] 杨卫兵 任立平[1] 叶志杰[1] 高新欢[1] 高建刚[1] 娄鸿耀 杜冰 陈兆波[1] ZHANG Shengquan;WANG Zheng;YANG Weibing;REN Liping;YE Zhijie;GAO Xinhuan;GAO Jiangang;LOU Hongyao;DU Bing;CHEN Zhaobo(Institute of Hybrid Wheat,Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Beijing 100097,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市农林科学院杂交小麦研究所,北京100097

出　　处：《华北农学报》2022年第S01期74-80,共7页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica

基　　金：北京市农林科学院科技创新能力建设专项(KJCX20210439);国家小麦产业技术体系(CARS-3)。

摘　　要：为明确杂交小麦群体调控对源库系统的影响,以二系杂交小麦品种京麦6号为研究对象,从群体结构、物质积累、产量构成等方面分析杂交小麦群体源库特征。结果表明,在源系统方面,增加密度可提高群体物质积累,但花后物质积累与密度增加未表现出同步增长关系,中高密度处理花后物质积累量无显著差异,花后物质积累比例、花后物质生产力随密度增加基本呈降低趋势,花前贮藏物质转移率和贡献率基本表现为先上升后降低的趋势。在库系统方面,杂交小麦库容建成受密度影响不显著,库容量与产量呈极显著正相关关系,中低密度条件下穗叶比值、粒叶比值等较高,杂交小麦具备群体库容大而稳、库源比例高的特性;随播种密度的增加,杂交小麦产量呈单峰曲线变化,在225×104~375×104/hm^(2)播种条件下较高。构建合理源库系统,应用库源比例高、源功能强而持续、分蘖成穗能力高、贮藏物质再分配利用效率高的品种,采取控制种植密度、适度减少投入的栽培策略,有利于实现杂交小麦花后“增源、强源”目标,构建源库系统平衡群体,对杂交小麦产量进一步提升具有特殊重要意义。In order to clarify the effect of population regulation of hybrid wheat on source-sink system,taking two-line hybrid wheat varieties Jingmai 6 as the research object,the population source and sink characteristics of hybrid wheat were analyzed from the aspects of population structure,material accumulation and yield composition.The results showed that,in terms of source system,increasing the seeding rate could increase the dry matter accumulation in the population,but the post-anthesis dry matter accumulation and the seed rate increase did not show a synchronous growth relationship.The accumulation ratio and post-anthesis matter productivity basically showed a decreasing trend with the increase of density.There was no significant difference in the post-flowering matter accumulation between the medium and high density treatments.The proportion of post-anthesis matter accumulation and post-anthesis matter productivity basically decreased with the increase of seed rate.In terms of sink system,hybrid wheat sink capacity was not significantly affected by seed rate,and had a very significant positive correlation with yield.Under the condition of medium and low seed rate,and the ear-leaf area ratio and the grain number-leaf area ratio is relatively high.Hybrid wheat had the characteristics of large and stable sink capacity and high sink-source ratio.With the increase of seed rate,the yield of hybrid wheat showed a unimodal curve,which was higher under the seed rate of 225×104-375×104/ha.In order to build a reasonable source-sink system,the varieties with high sink-source ratio,strong and sustainable source function,high tillering ability and high distribution and utilization efficiency of stored dry matter,and the cultivation strategy of controlling seed rate and moderately reducing input are beneficial to the realization of the goal of"increasing the source,strengthening the source"of hybrid wheat after anthesis,also to build a balanced source-sink system,which is also of special significance for further improving the

关 键 词：杂交小麦 群体调控 源库系统 库容量 平衡 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]