不同有机肥对烤烟生长发育及产质量的影响  

Effects of Different Organic Fertilizers on Growing Development,Yield and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco

作　　者：王东飞 肖飞 张亚恒 孙畅 吕红灵 张力元 许洪庆 王冬梅 李艳红 赵娟[4] 陈清明 WANG Dongfei;XIAO Fei;ZHANG Yaheng;SUN Chang;LYU Hongling;ZHANG Liyuan;XU Hongqing;WANG Dongmei;LI Yanhong;ZHAO Juan;CHEN Qingming(Technology Center,China Tobacco Guizhou Industrial Co.,Ltd.,Guiyang,Guizhou 550000;Yunnan Reascend Tobacco Technology(Group)Co.,Ltd.,Kunming,Yunnan 650106;Yunnan Tobacco Leaf Co.,Ltd.,Kunming,Yunnan 650218;Luquan Subsidiary Company,Yunnan Tobacco Company Kunming Branch,Luquan,Yunnan 651500,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州中烟工业有限责任公司技术中心,贵州贵阳550000 [2]云南瑞升烟草技术(集团)有限公司,云南昆明650106 [3]云南省烟草烟叶公司,云南昆明650218 [4]云南省烟草公司昆明市公司禄劝分公司,云南禄劝651500

出　　处：《贵州农业科学》2023年第2期15-22,共8页Guizhou Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：贵州中烟工业有限责任公司科技项目“贵烟高端品牌需求的云南昆明生态特色烟叶开发研究”(GZZYKJ/JZ2020GSY0061)。

摘　　要：【目的】探明不同有机肥对烤烟生长发育和产质量的影响,为云南禄劝烟区烤烟优质生产提供参考。【方法】采用田间试验方法,设3个施肥处理:常规商品有机肥1 500 kg/hm~2+农家肥9 000 kg/hm~2+烟草专用复合肥600 kg/hm~2(CK)、生物有机肥1 500 kg/hm~2+农家肥9 000 kg/hm~2+烟草专用复合肥600 kg/hm~2(A_(1))和保水有机肥1 500 kg/hm~2+农家肥9 000 kg/hm~2+烟草专用复合肥600 kg/hm~2(A_(2)),研究不同有机肥对烤烟农艺性状、经济性状、常规化学成分、物理性状、外观质量和感官质量的影响。【结果】施用生物有机肥和保水有机肥处理较CK均能有效促进烤烟的生长发育,对其化学成分、物理特性、外观质量和感官质量均有所改善。其中,生物有机肥处理烤烟的长势最好,其茎围、有效叶数、上部叶长、上部叶宽、中部叶宽、下部叶长和下部叶宽分别为9.45 cm、23.10片、48.31 cm、17.21 cm、28.80 cm、69.66 cm和31.61 cm。改善烟叶化学成分协调性和物理特性,各部位感官质量综合评分均以生物有机肥处理最高,具有较好的香气量和香气质;产量、产值和上等烟比例较高,分别为2 560.05 kg/hm~2、78 570.00元/hm~2和66.50%。【结论】云南禄劝烟区烤烟生长以合理配施生物有机肥效果最优。【Objective】The effects of different organic fertilizers on the growing development,yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco are explored to provide a reference for the quality production of flue-cured tobacco in Luquan tobacco-growing area of Yunnan Province.【Method】Three fertilization treatments are set in the field experiment:1 500 kg/hm^(2 )conventional commodity organic fertilizer + 9 000 kg/hm^(2 ) farm manure+600 kg/hm~2 tobacco special compound fertilizer(CK),1 500 kg/hm^(2 )bio-organic fertilizer + 9 000 kg/hm^(2 )farm manure+ 600 kg/hm^(2 )tobacco special compound fertilizer(A_(1)),and 1 500 kg/hm^(2 )water-holding organic fertilizer+ 9 000 kg/hm^(2 )farm manure+600 kg/hm~2 tobacco special compound fertilizer(A_(2)),to study the effects of different organic fertilizers on the agronomic characters,economic characters,conventional chemical composition,physical characters,appearance quality and sensory quality of flue-cured tobacco.【Result】Compared with CK the application of bio-organic fertilizer and water-holding organic fertilizer could effectively promote the growing development of flue-cured tobacco,and improve its chemical composition,physical characters,appearance quality and sensory quality.Among them,the growth vigor of flue-cured tobacco treated with bio-organic fertilizer is the best,and the stem circumference,the number of effective leaves,upper leaf length,upper leaf width,middle leaf width,lower leaf length and lower leaf width are 9.45 cm,23.10,48.31 cm,17.21 cm,28.80 cm,69.66 cm and 31.61 cm,respectively.The coordination of chemical composition and physical characteristics of tobacco leaves are improved.The comprehensive scores of sensory quality of all parts are the highest in the treatment of bio-organic fertilizer,and the tobacco leaves have better aroma quantity and aroma quality.The yield,output value and upper-class tobacco proportion are 2 560.05 kg/hm~2,78 570.00 Yuan/hm~2 and 66.50% respectively.【Conclusion】Rational application of bio-organic fertilizer has the best e

关 键 词：烤烟 有机肥 生长发育 产质量 化学成分 物理特性 感官质 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业]