土壤消毒结合微生态修复对烤烟生长及其主要病害的影响  

Effects of Soil Disinfection Combined with Micro-ecological Restoration on Growth and Major Diseases of Flue-cured Tobacco

作　　者：陈雅琼 刘海[2] 田临卿 焦健 陈穗云[3] 韩庆莉[4] 张廷金 CHEN Yaqiong;LIU Hai;TIAN Linqing;JIAO Jian;CHEN Suiyun;HAN Qingli;ZHANG Tingjin(Kunming Tobacco Company of Yunnan Tobacco Company,Kunming,Yunnan 650051;Yiliang Branch of Kunming Tobacco Company,Yiliang,Yunnan 652100;School of Ecology and Environment,Yunnan University,Kunming,Yunnan 650091;Southwest Forestry University,Kunming,Yunnan 650224;Kunming Cuntu Agricultural Technology Co.,Ltd.,Kunming,Yunnan 650032,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省烟草公司昆明市公司,云南昆明650051 [2]云南省烟草公司昆明市公司宜良分公司,云南宜良652100 [3]云南大学生态与环境学院,云南昆明650091 [4]西南林业大学,云南昆明650224 [5]昆明寸土农业科技有限公司,云南昆明650032

出　　处：《贵州农业科学》2023年第2期35-41,共7页Guizhou Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：中国烟草总公司云南省公司科技计划重点项目“植烟土壤微生态改良的集成技术研究与应用”(2021530000241031)。

摘　　要：【目的】探明土壤消毒结合微生态修复对烤烟生长及其主要病害的影响,为烤烟高效栽培提供依据。【方法】采用随机区组试验研究98%棉隆微粒剂土壤熏蒸消毒与微生态修复不同组合方式(T_(1),消毒+塘施水稻土;T_(2),消毒+混施伯克霍尔德氏菌生物有机肥+哈茨木霉复合微生物菌剂;T_(3),消毒+塘施水稻土+混施伯克霍尔德氏菌生物有机肥+哈茨木霉复合微生物菌剂;T_(4),仅消毒)对烤烟生长及其土传病害(烟草花叶病毒病和烟草黑胫病)的影响。【结果】用棉隆进行土壤熏蒸消毒能够显著提高烟株各项农艺性状和产量,显著提高烟株抗烟草花叶病、黑胫病能力;消毒后施用有益微生物菌剂,能有效改善土壤微生态环境,促进烟株生长,显著提高烟株抗烟草黑胫病能力和前期抗烟草花叶病毒病能力,显著提高烟叶产量。其中,T_(2),烟株的茎直径(3.50 cm)、叶片数(21.13片)、最大叶宽(28.80 cm)及最大叶面积(1341.42 cm~2)均为最高,但与T_(4)无显著差异;团棵期,T_(1)和T_(2)的烟草花叶病毒病病情指数分别为0.28和0.41,极显著低于T_(4),对烟草花叶病毒病的防效分别为94.55%和92.19%,防效分别比T_(4)极显著提高24.66百分点和22.30百分点;T_(1)、T_(2)和T_(3)对烟草黑胫病的防效分别为78.46%、100%和75.72%,分别比T_(4)极显著提高16.82百分点、38.36百分点和14.08百分点;旺长期,T_(2)对烟草黑胫病的防效为90.75%,比T_(4)极显著提高17.34百分点,T_(1)和T_(3)对烟草黑胫病的防效分别为63.82%和43.03%,分别比T_(4)极显著下降9.59百分点和30.38百分点。T_(2)的百叶重、平均单叶重、单株产量和单位面积产量均为最高,分别为1075.37 g、10.75 g、227.15 g和2905.84 kg/hm~2,百叶重、单株产量和单位面积产量均显著高于T_(4)。【结论】土壤消毒后施用微生物菌剂能改善土壤微生态环境,促进烟株生长,显著提高烟株抗黑胫病能力、前期抗烟草【Objective】The effects of soil disinfection combined with micro-ecological restoration on growth and major diseases of flue-cured tobacco are discussed to provide the scientific basis for high-efficient cultivation of flue-cured tobacco.【Method】The effects of 98% dazomet GR by funmigation + different microbial agents(T_(1),disinfection + paddy soil;T_(2),disinfection + Burkholderia sp.bio-organic fertilizer + Trichoderma harzianum compound microbial agent;T_(3),disinfection + paddy soil + Burkholderia sp.bio-organic fertilizer + T.harzianum compound microbial agent and T_(4),disinfection) on growth and soil-borne diseases(TMV and TBS) of flue-cured tobacco are studied by a randomized block design.【Result】Applying dazomet GR for soil disinfection can improve various agronomic traits and yield of flue-cured tobacco and resistance of flue-cure tobacco plants to TMV and TBS significantly.Applying dazomet GR for soil disinfection + beneficial microbial agent can effectively improve soil micro-ecological environment,promote growth of flue-cured tobacco plants,significantly enhance resistance of flue-cured tobacco plants to TBS and TMV and increase tobacco yield.The stem diameter(3.50 cm),leaf number(21.13),width of the maximum leaf(28.80 cm) and area of the maximum leaf(1 341.42 cm~2) of T_(2) all reach the highest but have no significant differences compared with T_(4).The TMV index of T_(1) and T_(2) at resettling stage is 0.28 and 0.41 separately and is lower than T_(4) very significantly.The TMV control effect of T_(1) and T_(2) reaches 94.55% and 92.19%,and 24.66% and 22.30% higher than T_(4) respectively.The TBS control effect of T_(1),T_(2) and T_(3) at resettling stage is 78.46%,100% and 75.72%,and 16.82%,38.36% and 14.08% higher than T_(4) respectively.The TBS control effect of T_(2) at vigorous growth stage is 90.75%,17.34% higher than T_(4).The TBS control effect of T_(1) and T_(3) at vigorous growth stage is 63.82% and 43.03%,9.59% and 30.38% lower than T_(4).The 100-leaf weight(1 075.37 g),aver

关 键 词：土壤消毒 微生物菌剂 烟草花叶病毒病 烟草黑胫病 烤烟 土传病害 生长 产量 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业]