种植密度与氮肥追施对农庆豆28农艺性状及产量的影响  

Effects of Planting Density and Nitrogen Topdressing on Agronomic Traits and Yield of Nongqingdou 28

作　　者：周长军[1] 田中艳[1] 吴耀坤[1] 于吉东[1] 刘冰[1] 李建英[1] 马兰[1] 李肖白[1] ZHOU Chang-jun;TIAN Zhong-yan;WU Yao-kun;YU Ji-dong;LIU Bing;LI Jian-ying;MA Lan;LI Xiao-bai(Daqing Branch,Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Daqing Experiment Station of National Soybean Industrial Technology System,Daqing 163316,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省农业科学院大庆分院/国家大豆产业技术体系大庆综合试验站,黑龙江大庆163316

出　　处：《大豆科学》2022年第6期688-695,共8页Soybean Science

基　　金：现代农业大豆产业技术体系大庆综合试验站项目(CARS-004-CES07);黑龙江省农业科学院跨越工程项目(HNK2019CX01);黑龙江省百千万工程科技重大专项(2019ZX16B01)。

摘　　要：为了探索抗线虫大豆新品种农庆豆28在黑龙江省西部盐碱半干旱地区的最佳种植密度与氮肥追施水平,本研究采用二因素随机区组设计,设置6个氮肥追施处理和4个种植密度处理(22万、25万、28万和31万株·hm^(-2)),研究不同种植密度与氮肥追施对其主要农艺性状及产量的影响,探讨该品种最优的肥密配置。结果表明:在氮肥追施水平相同的条件下,株高、底荚高度随着种植密度增大而升高,分枝数、有效节数、单株荚数、单株粒数、单株粒重随着种植密度的增大而降低;在种植密度相同时,单株荚数变化在氮肥追施水平30和120 kg·hm^(-2)时呈现双峰高值,单株粒数和单株粒重在氮肥追施水平120 kg·hm^(-2)时最高,随后下降。产量随着种植密度和氮肥追施水平的提高,呈先升高后降低趋势,且产量最高处理(A4B3)各产量相关构成因素表现并不突出,可见肥密最优配置使群体优势最大发挥。在种植密度28万株·hm^(-2)、氮肥追施120 kg·hm^(-2)时农庆豆28产量最高,达2830.50 kg·hm^(-2),其产值较对照(A0B1)处理增加3792.22元·hm^(-2)。因此在黑龙江省西部盐碱土壤农庆豆28最佳增产增效的肥密配置方式为种植密度28万株·hm^(-2),以大豆专用复合肥450 kg·hm^(-2)为底肥,追施尿素120 kg·hm^(-2)。In order to explore the best planting density and nitrogen topdressing level of a new soybean cyst nematode resistant cultivar Nongqingdou 28 in the saline alkali semi-arid area of Western Heilongjiang Province,we set up a two factor random block design of six nitrogen topdressing treatments and four planting density treatments(220 thousand,250 thousand,280 thousand and 310 thousand plants·ha^(-1)).The effects of different planting density and nitrogen topdressing level on its main agronomic traits and yield,and the optimal group structure of Nongqingdou 28 were studied.The results showed that under the same nitrogen topdressing level,the plant height and bottom pod height increased with the increasing of planting density,while the number of branches,effective nodes,pods per plant and seeds per plant,and seed weight per plant decreased with the increasing of planting density.At the same planting density,the number of pods per plant showed bimodal high value at the nitrogen topdressing level of 30 and 120 kg·ha^(-1),and the number and weight of seeds per plant were the highest at the nitrogen topdressing level of 120 kg·ha^(-1),and then decreased.The yield increased firstly and then decreased with the increasing of planting density and nitrogen topdressing level,and the relevant yield components of the highest yield treatment(A4 B3)were not prominent.It can be seen that the optimal allocation of fertilizer and density maximized the group advantage.When the planting density was 280 thousand plants·ha^(-1)and the top application of nitrogen fertilizer was 120 kg·ha^(-1),the yield of Nongqingdou 28 was the highest,reaching 2830.50 kg·ha^(-1),and its output value increased by 3792.22 yuan·ha^(-1)compared with the control(A0 B1).Therefore,in the saline alkali soil in the west of Heilongjiang Province,the best allocation of fertilizer and density to increase production and efficiency of Nongqingdou 28 is 280 thousand plants·ha^(-1),450 kg·ha^(-1)special compound fertilizer for soybean as base fertilizer,and top

关 键 词：大豆 群体 种植密度 氮肥追施 产量 

分 类 号：S565.1[农业科学—作物学]