关中西部播期对大豆农艺特性、产量和品质的影响  

Effects of Sowing Date on Agronomic Traits, Yield, and Quality of Soybean in the Western Area of Guanzhong

作　　者：屈洋 马雯 王可珍 朱发 张华锋 杨浩 梁福琴 QU Yang;MA Wen;WANG Ke-zhen;ZHU Fa;ZHANG Hua-feng;YANG Hao;LIANG Fu-qin(Baoji Institute of Agricultural Science,Qishan 722499,China;Yan′an Institute of Agricultural Science,Yan′an 716000,China)

机构地区：[1]宝鸡市农业科学研究院,陕西岐山722499 [2]延安市农业科学研究所,陕西延安716000

出　　处：《大豆科学》2022年第6期696-702,共7页Soybean Science

基　　金：陕西省农业协同创新与推广联盟(LM202011);国家大豆产业技术体系(CARS-04);陕西省重点研发计划(2021ZDLNY01-10)。

摘　　要：为明确播期对关中西部大豆生长发育及品质形成的影响,以大豆品种宝豆10号为材料,研究6个不同播期(6月1—25日,S1~S6)对大豆生长发育、产量和品质的影响,探讨生育期内气象因子与大豆籽粒产量和品质的关系。结果表明:播期对大豆的株高、底荚高、主茎节数、有效分枝数具有重要影响,株高、底荚高、主茎节数、有效分枝数两年平均变异系数分别为9.42%、15.54%、3.71%和49.28%。随着播期的推迟,大豆单株粒数、百粒重和产量呈先升高后降低的趋势,其中播期S5的单株粒数和百粒重达到最大,两年平均为84.37粒和28.54 g,且播期S5的产量最高,两年平均为3 847.12 kg·hm^(-2),与其他播期差异显著(P<0.05)。随着播期延后,处理之间粗蛋白含量存在显著差异(P<0.05),其中S6含量最高,年平均含量为45.11%;大豆籽粒的粗脂肪含量逐渐降低(P<0.05),其中S1含量最高,年平均含量为20.87%,大豆籽粒的水溶性蛋白含量逐渐升高(P<0.05),其中S6含量最高,年平均含量为30.20%。多元线性回归分析表明,活动积温对大豆籽粒粗蛋白、粗脂肪、水溶性蛋白的标准回归系数均达到显著水平(P<0.01),日照时数对籽粒粗蛋白的标准回归系数达到显著水平(P<0.01)。适期晚播有利于大豆产量和品质形成,播期S5(6月20日)可获得较高的产量和较好的品质,生育期内活动积温是大豆品质形成的关键。In order to determine the effects of sowing date on the growth, development and quality formation of soybean in the west of Guanzhong plain, Baodou 10 was used to study the effects of six different sowing dates(from June 1 to 25,S1-S6) on the growth, development, yield and quality of soybean and to explore the relationship between meteorological factors during the growth period and the yield and quality of soybean seeds. The results showed that sowing date had a significant effect on plant height, bottom pod height, main stem internodes, and effective branches number. Average coefficient of variation of test seasons from plant height, bottom pod height, main stem internodes, and effective branches number were 9.42%, 15.54%, 3.71%, and 49.28%, respectively. As the sowing date was delayed, seeds number per plant, 100-seed weight, and yield were increased and then decreased. The yield of S5 with a mean of 3 847.12 kg·ha^(-1)of tested seasons was the highest(P<0.05). As the sowing date was delayed, crude protein content and hydrophilic protein content increased. Crude protein content and hydrophilic protein content of S6 with two means of 45.11% and 30.20% of tested seasons were the highest(P<0.05). Crude fat content decreased as the sowing date was delayed, and that of S1 with a mean of 20.87% of tested seasons was the highest(P<0.05). The active accumulative temperature had a significant effect on crude protein content, hydrophilic protein content, and crude fat content(P<0.01), and sunshine duration had a significant effect on crude protein content(P<0.01). The suitable sowing date was a key factor for yield and quality improvement of soybean, S5(June 20) could obtain high yield and good quality, and the active accumulative temperature was a key factor for the quality formation of soybean.

关 键 词：播期 产量 品质 大豆 关中西部 

分 类 号：S565.1[农业科学—作物学]