河流法律人格在澜湄合作跨界水资源治理中的适用  

The Application of River Legal Personality in Transboundary Water Resources Governance under the Lancang-Mekong Cooperation

作　　者：张超 ZHANG Chao

机构地区：[1]中国法学会法治研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《外交评论（外交学院学报）》2023年第1期134-154,I0005,共22页Foreign Affairs Review

基　　金：中国—东盟法律研究中心课题“澜湄合作机制下跨界水资源综合治理法律研究”(项目编号:calc2021014)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：赋予河流法律人格主要来源于民法的法律人格理论、环境伦理学的生态中心主义以及监护制度中的国家亲权理论。目前国际上已经有多个相关实践,其中以新西兰所创设的河流治理模式最为完善。河流法律人格同人与自然生命共同体在内涵上有着一致性,这也使得河流法律人格具备广泛适用的可能。水资源治理是澜湄合作优先领域之一,河流法律人格有利于平衡沿岸国在水资源治理上的冲突,通过承认并保护流域各国文化传统的多样性、赋予澜湄合作机制以法律人格、扩大参与治理的主体、明确河流的核心利益和人类的义务,可以为澜湄合作水资源治理提供更为坚实的法律保障。The legal personality endowed to rivers mainly comes from the legal personality theory of civil law,the ecocentrism of environmental ethics,and the theory of parens patriae.At present,there are many relevant practices in the world,among which the river governance model created by New Zealand is the most perfect.The river legal personality is consistent with the community of life for man and nature,which also makes it possible for the river legal personality to be widely applied.Water resources governance is one of the priority areas of Lancang-Mekong Cooperation.River legal personality is conducive to balancing the conflicts of coastal countries in water resources governance.By recognizing and protecting the diversity of cultural traditions of countries in the basin,giving Lancang-Mekong Cooperation legal personality,expanding the participations of governance,and clarifying the core interests of rivers and human obligations,Lancang-Mekong Cooperation water resources governance can be provided with more solid legal protection.

关 键 词：河流法律人格 澜湄合作 跨界水资源治理 人与自然生命共同体 可持续发展 

分 类 号：D912.6[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学] D996.9[政治法律—法学]