城市医疗机构分级可达性与空间公正研究——以西安市为例  

Accessibility and Spatial Justice of Multi-level Medical Facility:A Case Study of Xi’an City

作　　者：高岩辉 杨晴青 李继园 GAO Yanhui;YANG Qingqing;LI Jiyuan(School of Tourism&Research Institute of Human Geography,Xi’an International Studies University,Xi’an 710128,China;Northwest Land and Resources Research Center,Shaanxi Normal University,Xi’an 710119,China)

机构地区：[1]西安外国语大学旅游学院·人文地理研究所,西安710128 [2]陕西师范大学西北国土资源研究中心,西安710119

出　　处：《地域研究与开发》2023年第1期68-74,共7页Areal Research and Development

基　　金：陕西省社会科学基金项目(2022R019);陕西省创新能力支撑计划-软科学研究计划一般项目(2023-CX-RKX-167);国家自然科学基金项目(42001202)。

摘　　要：医疗机构可达性是衡量医疗服务均等化的重要指标,均衡的可达性水平是实现空间公正的基础。利用医疗机构、居住点POI数据以及腾讯点位数据,采用基于空间格网的最近设施点法分析,探索了西安市不同层级医疗机构的空间可达性及空间公正格局。结果表明:西安市医疗可达性呈现“中心-外围”的空间结构。其中,三级医院的15 min圈层分布于主城区;一、二级医院的可达性格局相似,30 min圈层覆盖率超过70%;基层医疗卫生机构的15 min圈层覆盖率达到71.02%,仅有2.04%的居住点未被覆盖。医疗资源空间公正形成了4类区域:综合医疗空间公正区范围覆盖90.88%的居住点,48.13%的城市空间;高等医疗资源空间非公正区主要位于城郊地带;基本医疗资源空间非公正区范围狭窄,仅于行政区交界处分布;整体医疗资源空间非公正区主要分布在西安市南部和东部的秦岭山区。This paper explores the spatial accessibility and spatial justice pattern of medical facilities at different levels in Xi’an City by using the nearest facility point method based on spatial grids and by using the distribution of medical facilities,POI data and Tencent point data.The results show that the spatial structure of medical facility accessibility in Xi’an City is“center-periphery”.The 15-minute accessibility circle of tertiary hospitals was confined to the main urban areas.The accessibility of the first and second level medical facilities was similar,and the coverage rate of the 30-minute accessibility circle was over 70%.The coverage rate of the 15-minute accessibility circle in primary medical facilities reached 71.02%,and only 2.04%of residential sites were not covered.The spatial justice of medical facilities has formed four types of regions:comprehensive medical space justice covers 90.88%of residential areas and 48.13%of regional space;The spatial inequities of higher medical facilities are mainly located in suburban areas,while the spatial inequities of basic medical facilities are narrow and distributed only at the junction of administrative regions.The overall spatial inequity of medical facilities is mainly distributed in the Qinling Mountains in the south and east of Xi’an City.

关 键 词：医疗机构 可达性 空间公正 西安市 

分 类 号：K901.2[历史地理—人文地理学]