南海水下文化遗产综合保护区初探  

On the Comprehensive Protected Area for Underwater Cultural Heritage in the South China Sea

作　　者：王晶 CHEN Jueyu(Translators) HAN Yuchen(Translators) WANG Jing;CHEN Jueyu(Translators);HAN Yuchen(Translators)(National Centre for Archaeology,National Cultural Heritage Administration of China;不详)

机构地区：[1]国家文物局考古研究中心 [2]不详

出　　处：《中华海洋法学评论》2022年第4期51-91,共41页China Oceans Law Review

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目“中国海洋遗产研究”(项目编号:19JZD056)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：文化遗产是人与自然互动的遗存,水下文化遗产可视为广义的海洋生态与环境系统的有机组成部分,与海洋环境要素密不可分。水下文化遗产国际法规则见于1972年联合国教科文组织《保护世界文化和自然遗产公约》、1982年《联合国海洋法公约》、2001年联合国教科文组织《保护水下文化遗产公约》等,但缺乏保护落实机制,尤其是跨界或管辖权争议海域的水下文化遗产保护更存在明显的国际法空白。因此,参照国际海洋法实践中更为成熟的海洋保护区制度,结合水下文化遗产与海洋生物资源伴生的特点,尝试综合性保护区建设对于水下文化遗产保护、相关国际法规则构建具有重要意义。包括古代贸易沉船在内的南海水下文化遗产是我国与东盟国家开展区域合作、建立区域海洋命运共同体的重要内容,东盟一向注重文化合作,水下文化遗产保护是其与联合国教科文组织框架协议中的有限合作领域之一,中国参与其中是周边国家在这片海域长久交往的历史及文化、社会关联的延续。中国与东盟各国可在2014年《南海各方行为宣言》倡导的“探讨和开展合作”等精神指导下,倡导基于水下文化遗产原址保护的海洋资源保护性区域合作,建立预防性划区保护制度与实践,有利于遏制南海周边国家在相关海域的水下文化遗产盗捞、破坏等违反涉上述诸“公约”行为,遏制无序开发、缓解争端、推进区域和谐发展。As cultural heritage exists as the legacy of human-nature interaction,underwater cultural heritage may be seen as an integral part of the marine ecological and environmental system in the broad.The rules of international law governing underwater cultural heritage include the 1972 UNESCO Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage,the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea,the 2001 UNESCO Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage,etc.However,there is a lack of implementation mechanism;particularly,for the protection of underwater cultural heritage in trans-boundary waters or those with disputed jurisdiction,there is an obvious gap in international law.In this context,it is of significance to try to build a comprehensive protected area for the protection of underwater cultural heritage and establish relevant rules of international law by referring to the more mature system and practice of marine protected areas in the practice of international law of the sea,considering the characteristic of underwater cultural heritage,which is combined with marine living resources.The underwater cultural heritage in the South China Sea,including ancient trade shipwrecks,constitutes an important part of the regional cooperation between China and ASEAN States and the establishment of a regional maritime community with a shared future.ASEAN has always emphasized cultural cooperation,and underwater cultural heritage protection is among the limited areas of cooperation in its framework agreement with UNESCO.China’s involvement in this cooperation will perpetuate the interaction and cultural and social ties that have long existed between neighboring countries in these waters.In this regard,China and ASEAN countries can,following the spirit of“exploration,discussion and cooperation”advocated in the Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea in 2014,champion regional cooperation in the protection of marine resources based on in situ conservat

关 键 词：《保护水下文化遗产公约》 原址保护 海洋保护区 区域合作 

分 类 号：D993.5[政治法律—国际法学]