国际法院咨询意见解决国际争端的效力探析--以“毛里求斯与马尔代夫海洋划界案”为视角  

On the Effectiveness of ICJ’s Advisory Opinions in the Settlement of International Disputes:From the Perspective of the Mauritius/Maldives Case

作　　者：庄媛 CHEN Jueyu(Translators) HAN Yuchen(Translators) ZHUANG Yuan;CHEN Jueyu(Translators);HAN Yuchen(Translators)(School of Law,Xiamen University,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]厦门大学法学院 [2]不详

出　　处：《中华海洋法学评论》2022年第4期139-178,共40页China Oceans Law Review

基　　金：2020年度福建省社会科学研究基地重大项目“关于海域划界完成前沿海国义务问题研究”(项目编号:FJ2020JDZ004)阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：2021年1月28日,国际海洋法法庭特别分庭就毛里求斯和马尔代夫在印度洋的海洋划界争端作出初步反对意见判决。查戈斯群岛咨询意见是否具有解决英国与毛里求斯有关查戈斯群岛主权争端的效力成为审理过程中的核心问题。一方面,国际法院咨询意见解决国际争端的效力具有有限性,其不具有法律拘束力,同时无法产生直接解决国际争端的法律效果;另一方面,国际法院咨询意见具有权威性的影响力,在满足司法适当性要求并得到相关国家的同意时,能够对国际争端的解决产生积极效力。据此,特别分庭在初步反对意见判决中认定查戈斯群岛咨询意见直接解决了国际争端的论断扩大了国际法院咨询意见的效力。我国应当正确看待国际法院咨询意见的法律效力,防范咨询意见效力的肆意扩大倾向,同时重视并充分利用国际法院发表的咨询意见。On 28 January 2021,the Special Chamber of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea delivered its judgment on the preliminary objections from Maldives with regard to the case of Dispute Concerning Delimitation of the Maritime Boundary Between Mauritius and Maldives in the Indian Ocean.Whether the Chagos Archipelago advisory opinion has the validity in settling the dispute between UK and Mauritius regarding the sovereignty of the Chagos Archipelago constitutes the core issue of this case.On the one hand,the advisory opinions of the International Court of Justice(ICJ)have limited effectiveness in the settlement of disputes between States.It has no legal binding force and cannot produce the legal effect of directly settling disputes between States.On the other hand,ICJ’s advisory opinions have an authoritative influence,which can have a positive effect on the settlement of disputes between States when they meet the requirement of judicial propriety and the consent of relevant States is obtained.Accordingly,the Special Chamber expanded the effectiveness of ICJ’s advisory opinion in its judgement on the preliminary objections by deciding that the Chagos Archipelago advisory opinion directly resolved the dispute.China should prudently consider the legal effect of ICJ’s advisory opinions and avoid the tendency to expand its effectiveness.At the same time,we should pay attention to and make full use of ICJ’s advisory opinions.

关 键 词：国际法院 咨询意见 争端解决 毛马划界案 查戈斯群岛 

分 类 号：D815[政治法律—国际关系] D99[政治法律—政治学]