遮阴与弥雾微喷对葡萄生长生理及产量的影响研究  

Effect of Shade and Micro-spray of Canopy on Growth,Physiology and Yield of Grapes

作　　者：郑明 白云岗 张江辉 刘洪波 丁平 ZHENG Ming;BAI Yun-gang;ZHANG Jiang-hui;LIU Hong-bo;DING Ping(Xinjiang Institute of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Sciences,Urumqi 830049,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆水利水电科学研究院,乌鲁木齐830049

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2023年第2期38-44,共7页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金项目“极端干旱区葡萄园微气候调控机制研究”(2022D01A101)。

摘　　要：为降低高光温胁迫对葡萄生长生理及产量的影响,研究采用遮阴与弥雾组合措施,分别设3个梯度(遮阴度为0%,15%,30%;弥雾微喷为20 L/h、30 L/h与40 L/h),采取自由组合方式设计9个试验处理与1个无遮阴无微喷的对照处理,各处理每次微喷时长均为1 h。试验结果表明:葡萄冠层空气温度随遮阴度与弥雾微喷水量增加而降低,空气湿度随遮阴度与弥雾微喷水量的增加而升高,各处理中WP2处理的空气温度降低幅度最大(31.57℃),空气湿度提升最高(70.78%);弥雾微喷量对叶片叶绿素相对含量(SPAD)无影响,遮阴可以提升叶片SPAD的值,其中15%遮阴对叶片SPAD提升效果最为明显;弥雾微喷水量对叶片最小荧光(Fo)具有抑制作用,对叶片最大荧光(Fm)、荧光量子产率(Yeild)、最大光能利用效率(Fv/Fm)与光系统II潜在光化学活性(Fv/Fo)具有提升作用;弥雾微喷水量对枝条生长量、果粒体积、百粒重、果穗重预计产量均有提升作用,不同遮阴度对生长与产量指标主要表现为:WP1>WP3>WP2,WP4>WP5>WP6,WP7>WP8>WP9。40 L/h弥雾微喷水量对各项指标最优,15%遮阴度相比30%遮阴度与无遮阴措施的生理生长以及产量指标更优,所有处理中,WP1处理各项指标要优于其他处理。In order to reduce the effects of high light and temperature stress on the growth,physiology and yield of grapes,a combination measure of shade and micro-spray of canopy was used to design nine experimental treatments and a control treatment without shade and micro-spray of canopy in three gradients(shade gradients of 0%,15%and 30%;micro-spray gradients of 20 L/h,30 L/h and 40 L/h),and the duration of each micro-spray was 1 h for each treatment.The results showed that the canopy air temperature decreased with the increase of shade and micro-spray of canopy,and the air humidity increased with the increase of shade and micro-spray,and the WP2 treatment had the highest decrease of air temperature(31.57°C)and the highest increase of air humidity(70.78%)among the treatments.The amount of microspray had no effect on the relative chlorophyll content(SPAD)of leaves,and shade could enhance the value of leaf SPAD,among which 15%shade had the most obvious effect on leaf SPAD enhancement;the amount of micro-spray water had an inhibitory effect on leaf minimum fluorescence(Fo)and an enhancing effect on leaf maximum fluorescence(Fm),fluorescence quantum yield(Yeild),maximum light energy utilization efficiency(Fv/Fm)and PSII potential photochemical activity(Fv/Fo).The amount of water sprayed by micro-spray had an effect on branch growth,fruit volume,100 grain weight,and expected yield of fruit spikes.The physiological growth and yield indexes were better in 15%shade compared to 30%shade and no shade measures.Among all treatments,WP1 treatment had better indexes than other treatments.

关 键 词：葡萄 遮阴 弥雾微喷 喷雾 微气候 生长 产量 

分 类 号：S275.5[农业科学—农业水土工程]