不同日龄仔猪肠道菌群的组成与差异  

Composition and Differences of Intestinal Microflora in Piglets at Different Days of Ages

作　　者：刘丹 孟江海 曹斌 李灿 曾维 纪春晓[1] 陈韬[1,2] LIU Dan;MENG Jiang-hai;CAO Bin;LI Can;ZENG Wei;JI Chun-xiao;CHEN Tao(College of Veterinary Medicine,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha,Hunan,410128,China;Hunan Veterinary Drug Engineering and Technology Research Center,Changsha,Hunan,410128,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学动物医学院,湖南长沙410128 [2]湖南省兽药工程技术研究中心,湖南长沙410128

出　　处：《动物医学进展》2023年第2期78-83,共6页Progress In Veterinary Medicine

基　　金：湖南省教育厅科学研究项目(18A109)。

摘　　要：为确定新生仔猪肠道菌群组成以及新生仔猪不同发育阶段肠道菌群的分布和变化,并探讨仔猪肠道不同发育阶段各个优势菌群的功能,找到仔猪肠道菌群的演变规律。试验选取不同日龄(0、5、10、15、20、25、30 d)健康二元仔猪,收集其结肠内容物,用16S rRNA基因高通量测序方法,分析不同日龄仔猪肠道菌群的菌群分布和变化。通过Alpha多样性分析显示,不同日龄仔猪肠道菌群存在多样性差异,其0 d~20 d的多样性呈现下降趋势,而20 d~30 d的多样性呈现上升趋势;在门水平,肠道菌群主要由Firmicutes(43.5%)、Bacteroidota(26.9%)两个门组成,占比为70.4%。不同日龄仔猪的Firmicutes和Bacteroidota变化趋势各不相同;在属水平,不同生长阶段的优势菌属各不同,断奶前仔猪Lactobacillus、Bacteroidota等与碳水化合物等营养物质代谢相关的菌属丰度较高;断奶后Prevotella、Ruminococceaceae UCG-005、Alloprevotella等与纤维消化有关的菌属丰度较高。肠道菌群的组成在生长的不同阶段是动态变化的。Beta多样性分析显示,同一日龄不同个体的物种多样性存在差异,尤其刚出生时(0 d)和断奶后(25 d)不同个体的物种多样性之间具有显著差异。说明仔猪肠道菌群的微生物组成在生长的不同阶段是动态变化的,且不同个体的物种多样性均有较大差异。The purpose of this study was to determine the composition of intestinal flora of newborn piglets and the distribution and change of intestinal flora at different developmental stages of newborn piglets,and to explore the function of each dominant flora at different developmental stages of newborn piglets,and to find out the evolution law of intestinal flora of newborn piglets.In this experiment,healthy piglets of different ages(0 d,5 d,10 d,15 d,20 d,25 d and 30 d)were selected to collect colon contents and analyze the distribution and changes of intestinal microflora of piglets of different ages by 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing method.The results of Alpha diversity analysis showed that the intestinal flora diversity of piglets at different days of ages was different,with a decreasing trend from 0 d to 20 d,but an increasing trend from 20 d to 30 d.At phylum level,the intestinal flora was mainly composed of Firmicutes(43.5%)and Bacteroidota(26.9%),accounting for 70.4%.Meanwhile,the variation trends of Firmicutes and Bacteroidota were different at different ages.At the genus level,the dominant bacteria at different growth stages are different.Before weaning,the abundances of Lactobacillus,Bacteroidota and other bacteria related to the metabolism of carbohydrates and other nutrients were higher.The abundance of Prevotella,Ruminococceae UCG-005,Alloprevotella and other bacteria related to fiber digestion were higher after weaning.The composition of intestinal flora changes dynamically at different stages of growth.According to Beta diversity analysis,species diversity of different individuals at the same age was different,especially at birth(0 d)and after weaning(25 d).In conclusion,the microbial composition of the intestinal flora of piglets is constantly changing at different growth stages,and the species diversity of different individuals is greatly different.

关 键 词：仔猪 肠道菌群 16S rRNA基因测序 差异分析 

分 类 号：S856.4[农业科学—临床兽医学]