19世纪古巴华人苦力问题新探——基于西班牙外交官玛斯的研究  

A New Inquiry into the Chinese Coolies in Cuba through the Lens of a Spanish Diplomat’s Manuscript

作　　者：张宇晨 ZHANG Yu-chen(School of History,Beijing Foreign Studies University,Beijing 100089,China)

机构地区：[1]北京外国语大学历史学院/全球史研究院,北京100089

出　　处：《华侨华人历史研究》2023年第1期84-94,共11页Journal of Overseas Chinese History Studies

摘　　要：论文通过对首位西班牙驻华全权使臣玛斯手稿中苦力贸易问题的梳理,拓展了华工问题的研究视野。在1868年被西班牙政府召回马德里之前,玛斯一直都在为华工问题与清政府以及各国外事机构和外交人员联络、斡旋。玛斯一方面分析了英、法、美等国反对“中国移民”出洋务工的原因,认为在严峻的国际形势下,中国同古巴之间的苦力问题早已不是单纯的中国劳工同古巴庄园主之间的纠纷,也不仅仅是清政府同古巴乃至西班牙政府交涉上的矛盾,更多是沉浮于各西方国家逐力过程之中的无可奈何。另一方面,玛斯也在尽力应对国际舆论对苦力贸易问题不断施加的层层压力,希望可以冲破阻力,推动并实现华工“移民”古巴的合法化、制度化,以此拯救西班牙的海外殖民地,甚至改变西班牙沦为世界末流国家的命运。The coolie trade contributed an important part to the history of overseas Chinese,but so far research on first-hand archival material has been limited.This paper examines a newly-discovered Spanish-language manuscript left by Sinibaldo de Mas,the first Spanish ambassador to China.Mas was not only highly involved in revising the Regulations for Chinese Workers Abroad,but also expressed his views in diplomatic correspondence concerning the coolie trade in Cuba,which was in effect a football game played between Britain,France,the United States,Spain,and other countries in Latin America in the middle of the 19th century.The findings from this invaluable document cast a new light on the Chinese coolie issue within a broad context of globalization in the modern age.

关 键 词：古巴 契约华工 华工问题 招工章程 玛斯 

分 类 号：D634.375.1[政治法律—政治学]