故宫古建筑防火文化信仰研究  

On Cultural Beliefs of Fire Prevention for Ancient Buildings in the Forbidden City

作　　者：周乾[1] ZHOU Qian(Institute of Gugong Studies,Palace Museum,Beijing 100009,China)

机构地区：[1]故宫博物院故宫学研究所,北京100009

出　　处：《吉林师范大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2023年第1期78-88,共11页Journal Of Jilin Normal University:Humanities & Social Science Edition

基　　金：故宫博物院科研项目(KT2018-01-6)。

摘　　要：故宫古建筑以木结构为主,在历史上曾多次遭受火灾。古代工匠积累了丰富的防火智慧,形成了特殊的防火文化信仰。故宫古建筑的防火信仰文化,主要包括采用螭吻、游龙、海马、行什等异兽来“防”火,采用藻井、水生植物来“镇”火,书写不带钩的“门”字来避讳火灾;利用五行中“北为水”“金生水”“水克火”的古代哲学思想来“克”火等。尽管这些做法没有科学价值,但对研究我国古代消防史及消防文化而言,均有重要的参考价值,因而从文化遗存和文化信仰等方面来讲,它们是积极的,值得包容的。The ancient buildings of the Forbidden City are mainly of wooden structure, and have suffered fire for many times in history. Ancient craftsmen accumulated rich fire prevention wisdom and formed special fire prevention cultural beliefs. The fire prevention belief culture of the ancient buildings in the Forbidden City mainly includes the use of Shachihoko, dragons, seahorses, and other exotic animals to“prevent”fire, the use of caisson and aquatic plants to“control”fire, and the writing of the word“door”without hook to avoid fire. Theories of the five elements such as“water in north”,“metal promoting water ”,“water suppress fire”and so on were used to resist fire. Although these belief behaviors have no scientific value,they are important parts of study of history as well as culture of fire fighting of ancient China. Thus from the perspectives of cultural heritage as well as cultural beliefs, these behaviors are constructive and worth inclusiveness.

关 键 词：故宫古建筑 防火 木结构 文化信仰 

分 类 号：K203[历史地理—历史学]