澄江生物群具重要演化意义的原始单轴针海绵新属种——Ovulispongia multa gen.et sp.nov.  

An extraordinary new protomonaxonid sponge——Ovulispongia multa gen.et sp.nov. from the Chengjiang Biota

作　　者：杨继媛 马海丹 陈爱林 侯先光 YANG Jiyuan;MA Haidan;CHEN Ailin;HOU Xianguang(Yuxi Normal University,Yuxi,Yunnan 653100,China;State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy,Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210008,China;Yunnan Key Laboratory for Palaeobiology,Yunnan University,Kunming,Yunnan 650091,China)

机构地区：[1]玉溪师范学院古生物研究中心,云南玉溪653100 [2]现代古生物学和地层学国家重点实验室,中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所,江苏南京210008 [3]云南大学云南省古生物研究重点实验室,云南昆明650091

出　　处：《地质学报》2022年第11期3750-3759,共10页Acta Geologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(编号41662003,42262004);现代古生物学和地层学国家重点实验室(中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所)项目(编号193104);云南省创新团队项目(编号2015HC029)联合资助的成果。

摘　　要：本文描述了云南寒武纪早期澄江生物群中原始单轴针海绵化石一新属种——群体小卵海绵Ovulispongia multa gen. et sp. nov.。群体小卵海绵为小型薄壁海绵,整体呈卵形,骨骼双层,由四个方向的单轴骨针穿插成网状,左倾方向和右倾方向骨针与水平骨针和纵向骨针斜交呈45度角;骨针之间无叠接;海绵体无口须和根须。群体小卵海绵在外部形态和骨架类型上与其他的原始单轴针海绵存在明显差异,其半紧密型骨架处于无规则排列的鬃毛海绵骨架和规则排列的细丝海绵骨架之间。另外新材料显示在海底固着取食的生态环境中,新属种用高密度的个体分布来获得竞争优势。群体小卵海绵独特的过渡形态的骨架结构和高密度生态分布为研究古生代原始单轴针海绵的骨架演化与生态空间扩张之间的关系提供了线索,也为研究寒武纪早期海绵动物的起源和多样化提供新的化石材料。This paper describes Ovulispongia multa gen. et sp. nov. from the Early Cambrian Chengjiang biota, Yunnan Province, China. O. multa gen. et sp. nov. is characterized by samll-sized, thin-walled sponges with double-layered skeletons. Skeletons consist of four series of monaxons in directions, namely the oblique spicules of left and right direction with the angle of 45 degrees to the horizontal spicules and vertical spicules;monaxons untouched each other;without the prostalia marginalia and prostalia basalia. New species distinguishes from other protomonaxonids for its external form and special type of skeletons, and probably represents an intermediate evolutionary status from saetaspongiids with irregular arranged skeletons to leptomitids with regular arranged skeletons for its extraordinary semi-dense skeleton. In addition, new species gains competitive advantage by their high-density individual distribution in the ecological environment of sessile epibenthos. The unique transitional skeleton type and high-density distribution of new species provide clues for the study of the relationship between the skeleton evolution and ecological spatial expansion of Paleozoic protomonaxonids sponges, and also for research of origin and diversity of sponge in Early Cambrian.

关 键 词：寒武纪早期 澄江生物群 多孔动物 普通海绵 Ovulispongia multa gen.et sp.nov 

分 类 号：Q915.1[天文地球—古生物学与地层学]