过热水蒸气提取杉木精油及组成分析  

Essential oil extraction from Chinese fir by superheated water steam distillation and its component analysis

作　　者：马守肖 段昊沅 朱凯[1] MA Shouxiao;DUAN Haoyuan;ZHU Kai(College of Chemical Engineering,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]南京林业大学化学工程学院,江苏南京210037

出　　处：《精细化工》2022年第12期2521-2526,共6页Fine Chemicals

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0600405)。

摘　　要：以杉木屑为原料,采用过热水蒸气蒸馏(SSD)法提取杉木精油。在投料量350 g、蒸气流量650 m L/h、蒸馏时间4 h的条件下,考察不同温提取温度(130、160、190、220、250、280℃)对杉木精油气味、得率及化学组成的影响。结果表明,SSD法蒸气温度为190℃时,精油得率最高,为4.89%,约是常压水蒸气蒸馏(SD)法的3.2倍。随着温度的升高,木香、膏香气息降低,焦甜味、酸味增加,精油中的柏木醇相对含量由100℃时的49.99%下降到280℃时的25.41%,α-柏木烯相对含量由16.61%上升至30.14%,β-柏木烯相对含量由4.10%上升至11.92%。SSD法实现了杉木精油的高质、高效提取,解决了高温提取需要高压锅炉等带来的设备投入大及安全性的问题,大幅度提高了精油得率,明确了精油化学组成及香气间的构效关系,并满足了对杉木精油产品的不同需求。Essential oil from Chinese fir was extracted by superheated steam distillation(SSD).Under the conditions of 350 g feeding amount,650 m L/h steam flow,and 4 h distillation,the effects of extraction temperature(130,160,190,220,250 and 280℃)on odor,yield,and chemical composition of Chinese fir essential oil were investigated.The result showed that,at steam temperature of 190℃,the yield reached the highest(4.89%),about 3.2 times that of atmospheric steam distillation(SD).As temperature increased,the smell of wood and cream fragrance decreased,while sweet and sour taste increased.At the same time,the relative content of cedrol in the extracted essential oil decreased from 49.99%at 100℃to 25.41%at280℃,while that ofα-cedrene increased from 16.61%to 30.14%,and that ofβ-cedrene increased from4.10%to 11.92%.The SSD method realized efficient extraction of high quality Chinese fir essential oil,solved the problem of large equipment investment and potential safety issues that caused by high-temperature extraction,greatly improved the yield of essential oil,and clarified the relationship between chemical composition and aroma.SSD method could meet different needs of Chinese fir essential oil products.

关 键 词：杉木 精油 过热水蒸气蒸馏 化学成分 分离提纯技术 

分 类 号：TQ654.2[化学工程—精细化工]