元宇宙中的治理难题  

The Governance Conundrum in the Metaverse

作　　者：蔡恒进 汪恺 蔡天琪 CAI Heng-jin;WANG Kai;CAI Tian-qi(School of Computer Science,Wuhan University,Wuhan Hubei 430072;Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School,Shenzhen Guangdong 518055)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学计算机学院,湖北武汉430072 [2]清华大学深圳国际研究生院,广东深圳518055

出　　处：《新疆师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2022年第5期101-111,F0002,共12页Journal of Xinjiang Normal University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

摘　　要：社会治理不仅是现实世界的难题,还将伴随人类意识向元宇宙迁移,进而成为元宇宙中的治理难题。元宇宙的治理难题可以从四个视角切入:一是随时间积累的财富两极分化问题。元宇宙中的资源流动速度快,中心及亚中心迭代加剧,如果不能缓解财富的两极分化,系统将难以持续;二是如何遏制不实信息传播问题。在网络世界中,谣言、谬误等不实信息较真实信息更易煽动民众情绪从而急速扩散,可能造成较为广泛的负面影响;三是可持续健康生态问题。传统共识机制的本质或依赖算力、或依靠财富积累,元宇宙则需鼓励前瞻性等方式,在合理的损耗下维护系统的健康生态;四是伦理道德重塑问题。元宇宙可以隐藏个人数据隐私,没有绝对的时空秩序,在人机共同参与的网络世界中,利用规则刷单套利更加便利。因此,需要新的元宇宙伦理准则,以塑造良好的元宇宙文明环境。元宇宙是人类意识的延伸,机器和虚拟世界是人类意识与智慧的凝聚,元宇宙的治理问题要从人性本质——自我肯定需求出发。针对上述问题,文本建议设计实施财富流向底层机制,为元宇宙系统提供活力;采用数字凭证技术,激励诚实者和积极贡献者,惩戒造谣者和盲目跟风者;重视对未来的洞见力,提高专业领域认知能力更高的人机节点的权重,创新人机共同协作共识;倡导利用区块链的存证技术,进行事后赏罚和正向激励,鼓励人们对自身在元宇宙中的行为负责。Social governance is not only a real-world problem, but will also become a problem in the metaverse which it enters with human consciousness. There are four kinds of governance challenges in the metaverse. First, the polarization of wealth.With the rapid flow of resources in the metaverse and the intensification of central and sub-central iterations, the system will be unsustainable if the polarization of wealth cannot be alleviated. Second, how to curb the spread of inaccurate information. In the online world, rumors and other inaccurate information are more likely to spread rapidly and cause widespread negative impact.Third, the issue of sustainable and healthy ecology. Traditional consensus mechanism relies either on arithmetic or on wealth accumulation, but in the metaverse forward-looking insight is encouraged and a healthy ecology of the system is maintained at a reasonable loss. Fourth, the issue of building ethical and moral codes. The metaverse can hide personal privacy, there is no absolute spatiotemporal order, and it is more convenient to use the rules for swipe arbitrage in a network world where people and machines participate together. Therefore, a new metaverse ethical code is needed to build a good metaverse civilization. The metaverse is an extension of human consciousness, and machines and virtual worlds are the coalescence of human consciousness and intelligence.Good governance of the metaverse has to take into account the essence of human nature, i.e., the need for self-affirmation. To address the above challenges, this paper suggests the following measures :designing and implementing the underlying mechanism of wealth flow to provide vitality to the metaverse system;adopting digital credential technology to incentivize honest people and active contributors and punish rumormongers and blind followers;attaching importance to insight into the future, increasing the weight of human-machine nodes with higher cognitive ability in professional fields, and innovating human-machine common collaborativ

关 键 词：元宇宙 社会治理 两极分化 不实信息传播 元宇宙伦理 文明递增 

分 类 号：G20[文化科学—传播学]