中国大学生的无聊情绪:无聊的现象与认知评价  

Boredom in Chinese College Students: Phenomenon and Cognitive Appraisal of Boredom

作　　者：吴昭含 高隽[1] WU Zhao-han;GAO Jun(School of Social Development and Public Policy,Department of Psychology,Fudan University,Shanghai 200433,China)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学社会发展与公共政策学院心理学系,上海200433

出　　处：《中国临床心理学杂志》2023年第1期159-164,共6页Chinese Journal of Clinical Psychology

摘　　要：目的:本研究旨在基于情绪的认知评价理论框架来描述和理解无聊现象,并探究认知评价过程对其现象学特征的影响。方法:研究一对11名被试的无聊体验进行半结构化访谈,并使用现象学研究框架对访谈内容进行类属分析。研究二采用现象学评分范式测量179名被试的无聊体验,并比较内vs.外归因型无聊体验在其现象学特征上的可能差异。结果:综合两个研究,总体上发现:(1)在主观体验中,最常见的是烦躁不安,有时也伴随孤独和悲伤。(2)生理唤起上,无聊是一种低唤起情绪,常伴随困和疲倦的身体感受。(3)在认知过程中,个体会对无聊的产生进行归因,思考如何有效调节无聊,在事后也会对无聊进行归责,并对自我进行评价。(4)内归因型无聊比外归因型无聊有更多的负面感受,并且有更负面的自我评价。结论:无聊可被定义为“个体觉察到当下刺激物与自我预期不符且难以投入其中的负面体验”,不同认知评价,尤其是不同的归因方式会使无聊的现象有显著的差异。Objective: This research aimed to describe the phenomenon of boredom within the theoretical framework of the cognitive appraisal theory of emotions and to explore the influence of cognitive appraisal on the phenomenon of boredom. Methods: In the first study, 11 subjects participated in a semi-structured interview about the experience of boredom and contents of their interviews were analyzed using a phenomenological approach. In the second study, a phenomenological rating paradigm was used in the sample of 179 participants. Participates were asked to rate their experiences of boredom on44 items. Results:(1) restlessness was the most common subjective feeling associated with boredom, followed by loneliness and sadness.(2) Boredom was rated as a low-arousal emotion, and often accompanied by the physical feelings of lethargy and tiredness.(3) In cognitive aspects, people were equal likely to make internal and external attributions about the occurrence of boredom. They tended to look for effective ways to regulate boredom. They might also blame themselves or the environment for the occurrence of boredom and engaged in self-evaluation processes after the resolution of boredom.(4) The internal-attribution type of boredom was associated with more negative feelings and negative self-evaluation than the external-attribution type. Conclusion: Boredom can be defined as“the negative emotional experiences when individuals realize that the current stimulus is not in accordance with their expectations and they are not able to engage in any present activity”. Different attribution of the occurrence of boredom may give rise to significantly different phenomenological features.

关 键 词：无聊 认知评价 归因 意义感 

分 类 号：R395.6[哲学宗教—心理学]