报废汽车拆解厂大气颗粒物重金属污染特征、来源解析及健康风险评价  

Heavy metal pollution characteristics, source analysis and health risk assessment due to atmospheric particulates from scrapped automobile dismantling plant

作　　者：杨宁[1] 李绪志 秦玉飞 梁云燕 鲁妍 詹路 王建波[1] 许振明[4] Yang Ning;Li Xuzhi;Qin Yufei;Liang Yunyan;Lu Yan;Zhan Lu;Wang Jianbo;Xu Zhenming(College of Environment and Resources,Southwest University of Science and Technology,Mianyang Sichuan 621010,China;Yingkou Environment Project Development Co.,Ltd.,Yingkou Liaoning 115014,China;Jiangxi Green Recycling Co.,Ltd.,Yichun Jiangxi 331100,China;School of Environmental Science and Engineering,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240,China)

机构地区：[1]西南科技大学环境与资源学院,四川绵阳621010 [2]营口市环境工程开发有限公司,辽宁营口115014 [3]江西格林循环产业股份有限公司,江西宜春331100 [4]上海交通大学环境科学与工程学院,上海200240

出　　处：《化工矿物与加工》2023年第2期34-42,共9页Industrial Minerals & Processing

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2019YFC1904401)。

摘　　要：利用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪(ICP-OES)对从国内某大型报废汽车拆解厂采集的大气颗粒物样品中的8种重金属进行了分析测定,并基于该测定数据对拆解厂区重金属污染特征、来源以及人体健康进行了研究,结果表明,机械破碎区和人工分选区重金属的平均质量浓度相对较高,Pb和Cd的质量浓度超出了GB 3095-2012《环境空气质量标准》的二级标准。正定矩阵因子分解(PMF)模型分析结果表明,拆解厂区中重金属的来源主要包括镀锌钢板材料源、铝合金材料源、含铅材料源、铜合金材料源、汽车涂料源和电镀镍-铬合金材料源。健康风险评价结果显示:Cr对人体健康存在非致癌风险,其他元素的非致癌风险基本可以忽略;Ni和Cd对人体具有潜在的致癌风险,Cr对人体有较明显的致癌风险。研究成果可为报废汽车拆解行业大气颗粒物重金属污染防治提供科学依据。In this study, the concentration of eight heavy metals contained in the atmospheric particulates samples collected from a large-scale scrapped automobile dismantling plant in China with a typical process were determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer(ICP-OES). Based on the results, the pollution characteristics, sources of heavy metals and human health in the dismantling plant area were studied. The results show that the average mass concentration of heavy metals in both the mechanical crushing area and the manual sorting area was relatively high. Among which mass concentration of Pb and Cd exceed the limit for level B stated in the Ambient Air Quality Standard(GB 3095-2012). The results of positive matrix factorization(PMF) analysis show that the sources of heavy metals in the dismantling plant mainly include galvanized steel sheet material, aluminum alloy material, lead-bearing mate-rial, copper alloy material, automobile coatings and nickel-chromium material for electroplating. The results from the health risk assessment indicated that Cr brought about a non-carcinogenic risk to human health, and that of other elements was basically negligible. However Ni and Cd had potential carcinogenic risks to the human body, and Cr had obvious cancer risk to the human body. The study results are expected to be provided as a scientific basis for the prevention and control of heavy metal pollution caused by atmospheric particulates in scrapped automobile dismantling industry.

关 键 词：报废汽车拆解厂 重金属 污染特征 来源分析 健康风险评价 正定矩阵因子分解模型 

分 类 号：X734.2[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X820.6