国际温室气体监测量值传递与质量控制经验及启示  

Experience and Enlightenment of Value Transfer and Quality Control System of Greenhouse Gas Monitoring in the International Organization

作　　者：徐驰 吕怡兵[1] 李健军[1] 毕哲 吴海[2] 师耀龙[1] XU Chi;LYU Yibing;LI Jianjun;BI Zhe;WU Hai;SHI Yaolong(State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Quality Control in Environmental Monitoring,China National Environmental Monitoring Centre,Beijing 100012,China;National Institute of Metrology,Beijing 100013,China)

机构地区：[1]中国环境监测总站,国家环境保护环境监测质量控制重点实验室,北京100012 [2]中国计量科学研究院,北京100013

出　　处：《中国环境监测》2023年第1期10-18,共9页Environmental Monitoring in China

摘　　要：建立温室气体监测量值传递与质量控制体系,对于保障温室气体监测数据的准确性、可比性和计量溯源性具有重要意义。世界气象组织于1989年组建了全球大气观测网络,欧洲、美国也分别建立了区域、城市温室气体监测系统。相比之下,我国温室气体监测起步较晚。因此,亟需建立我国独立自主的温室气体监测量值传递与质量控制体系,为准确核验温室气体排放量,实现“双碳”目标,提供可靠的数据支撑。通过总结国际温室气体监测量值溯源与传递体系、质量管理与质量控制体系等的先进经验,对我国温室气体监测提出以下建议:设立满足排放量准确评估要求的数据质量目标;研制独立自主、国际等效的高准确度基准标气;加快构建量值传递与质量控制体系,并建立健全相关技术标准规范;探索研究其他温室气体监测量值溯源与传递方法。The establishment of traceability chains and quality control system is important for ensuring the accuracy,comparability and metrological traceability of greenhouse gas monitoring.The Global Atmosphere Watch Programme was implemented by World Meteorological Organization in 1989.Similar regional and urban greenhouse gas monitoring programmes were implemented by the European Union and the United States respectively.The greenhouse gas monitoring started relatively late in China.Therefore,it is urgent to establish independent greenhouse gas monitoring traceability chains and quality control system of China,which could provide reliable data for carbon emission verification and achieving carbon neutrality and carbon peak goals.By summarizing the advanced experience of international greenhouse gas monitoring traceability chain,quality management and quality control system,suggestions are provided for China as follows:proposing data quality goals that meet the requirements for accurate emissions assessment,developing the primary gas standard that are independent and internationally equivalent high accuracy,constructing value transfer and quality control systems speedily,establishing and improving relevant technical standards and specifications,and exploring the value transfer methods of other greenhouse gas monitoring.

关 键 词：温室气体 量值传递 质量控制 国际 

分 类 号：X830.5[环境科学与工程—环境工程]