“啥”的原因问用法及预期性三分法——吴江方言及苏州方言的个案  

Sha(啥) as an Interrogative Pronoun for Cause and the Tripartite System for Expectation——The Case of the Wujiang(吴江) and Suzhou(苏州) Dialects

作　　者：刘丹青 LIU Dan-qing(School of Humanities,Shenzhen University,Shenzhen Guangdong 518060,China)

机构地区：[1]深圳大学人文学院,广东深圳518060

出　　处：《语言研究》2023年第1期60-67,共8页Studies in Language and Linguistics

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目“汉语方言语法特征语料库建设”(19AYY004);深圳大学特聘教授启动项目。

摘　　要：指物疑问代词“啥”在吴江、苏州等北部吴语中除了用作论元及限定词外,还有几种少见于其他方言的扩展功能,其中包括作为副词性代词在动词前或句首询问原因的功能。原因疑问代词“啥”带有比普通话“怎么”更强的反预期语气,预期性成为原因疑问代词的寄生范畴;加上其他原因疑问代词或短语,吴江话形成6个词语(7个功能单位)的原因疑问代词库藏(相对于英语why一个词),在寄生的预期性范畴上形成少见的“中性-反预期-强反预期(负面惊异)”三分法。文章并结合早期苏州话文献,探讨了吴江话“啥”从指物疑问代词扩展出原因疑问代词的4种路径,并对四种路径的可能性进行了评估。The interrogative pronoun for objects sha(啥;what)in the Wu(吴)dialects of Wujiang(吴江)and Suzhou(苏州)not only serves as an argument or a determiner,as in spoken Mandarin and many other dialects,but can function as an interrogative pronoun for cause adverbial as well,occurring sentence-initially or preceding the verb.Sha(啥)also conveys a stronger mood of counter-expectation than Zenme(怎么;how,why),a Mandarin interrogative pronoun for cause.With Sha(啥)and other interrogative Pro-forms for cause,the Wujiang(吴江)dialect owns a rather rich inventory containing 6 Wh-forms(7 functions)for cause(c.f.English why),with a rarely attested tripartite expectation system of middle-expectation,counter-expectation and strong counter-expectation(mirative)as its parasitic category.Based on early written texts of the Suzhou(苏州)dialect and current dialectal data from Wujiang(吴江)and Suzhou(苏州),the paper explores 4 possible pathways of sha(啥)from the interrogative pronoun for object into that for cause,and discusses their respective likeliness.

关 键 词：吴江方言 指物疑问代词 原因疑问代词 预期性范畴 寄生范畴 

分 类 号：H173[语言文字—汉语]