磷肥用量和石灰对甜玉米产量和磷素吸收利用的影响  

Effects of Phosphorus and Lime Application on Sweet Corn Yield and Phosphorus Uptake and Utilization

作　　者：吴晓君 曾子鑫 郭佩佩 王曙光[1] 李京晨 张丽[1] WU Xiaojun;ZENG Zixin;GUO Peipei;WANG Shuguang;LI Jingchen;ZHANG Li(College of Tropical Crops,Hainan University,Haikou,Hainan 570228,China)

机构地区：[1]海南大学热带作物学院,海南海口570228

出　　处：《热带作物学报》2023年第1期133-142,共10页Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops

基　　金：海南省自然科学基金项目(No.320RC497);海南大学科研启动基金项目(No.KYQD(ZR)1978)。

摘　　要：采用田间肥料定位试验研究了磷肥用量与石灰配合施用对甜玉米产量、生物量、磷素累积及磷肥利用效率的影响,旨在为甜玉米高产及磷素高效利用途径提供理论依据。试验采用裂区设计,主区为磷肥用量,设置P0(0 kg/hm^(2))、P60(60 kg/hm^(2))、P120(120 kg/hm^(2))、P180(180 kg/hm^(2))4个磷肥水平;副区为石灰处理,设置L0(0 kg/hm^(2))和L1(750 kg/hm^(2))2个石灰水平,研究甜玉米鲜食期产量、磷素累积、土壤速效磷及磷肥利用效率对磷肥用量和石灰施用的响应。结果表明,L0处理下,与P0处理相比,P120和P180处理甜玉米鲜穗产量均显著提高,分别增产19.4%和18.5%,P0与P60处理间差异不显著;L1处理下,P60处理较P0处理甜玉米鲜穗产量显著提高,增产14.0%,而P60、P120和P180处理间差异不显著。且在P60处理下,L1处理较L0处理甜玉米鲜穗产量显著提高,增产12.7%。与P0处理相比,施磷处理甜玉米总生物量和磷素累积量显著提高。连续种植2季甜玉米后,P60处理的土壤速效磷含量较初始值无显著差异,土壤速效磷含量基本维持平衡;P120和P180处理的土壤速效磷含量较初始值分别增加了103.8%和228.4%,土壤速效磷在0~20 cm土层积累明显。施磷显著降低1 kg磷素生产鲜穗产量和磷素生理效率,且随施磷量的增加磷肥利用率显著下降。在P60处理下,与L0处理相比,L1处理甜玉米磷肥农学效率、磷肥利用率和磷肥偏生产力均显著提高。因此,磷肥用量60 kg/hm^(2)配合石灰施用不仅能满足甜玉米高产需求,同时可以达到较好的磷肥利用效率和维持土壤速效磷平衡,可作为该地区甜玉米高产增效与环境友好的磷肥管理措施。The effects of phosphorus(P)and lime application on yield and biomass and P uptake and utilization of sweet corn were evaluated with a field experiment.Research on the appropriate rate of P application would provide a theoretical basis in improving sweet corn yield and P use efficiency.The field experiment was a split-plot design with main-plot randomly assigned into each of four blocks.The main-plot treatments were four P application rates(0,60,120and 180 kg/hm^(2),expressed as P0,P60,P120and P180).The split-plot factors were two lime levels(0 and 750 kg/hm^(2),expressed as L0and L1).The responses of sweet corn yield,P uptake,soil available P and P fertilizer utilization efficiency to P fertilizer application and lime application were studied.The yield of sweet corn increased significantly under P120and P180treatments without lime by 19.4%and 18.5%,respectively,compared with P0treatment.Compared to P0,the yield of sweet corn increased significantly by 14.0%under P60treatment with lime.Under P60treatment,lime increased the yield of sweet corn significantly by 12.7%.P fertilizer application increased both total biomass and P uptake of sweet corn significantly.After two sweet corn growing seasons,soil available P under P60treatment had no significant difference comparing with the original value.Soil available P basically maintained a balance under P60treatment.Soil available P in P120and P180treatments increased by 103.8%and 228.4%,respectively,compared with the original value,and soil available P increased obviously in 0?20 cm soil layer.The fresh ear yield per P uptake and P physiological efficiency decreased significantly with P application rates.Also,the P use efficiency of sweet corn declined with P application rates.P agronomic efficiency,recovery efficiency,and partial factor productivity increased significantly under lime treatments with P60treatment,compared with no-lime treatments.Together,these results indicated that the application of 60 kg/hm^(2)P fertilizer combined with lime can be an efficient way t

关 键 词：甜玉米 磷肥水平 石灰 产量 磷素利用 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]