处置类受事主语句初探  

A Tentative Study on Disposal-type Patient-Subject Sentence

作　　者：吴怀成[1] WU Huai-cheng(Shanghai University of International Business and Economics,Shanghai 201620)

机构地区：[1]上海对外经贸大学国际中文教育学院/中东欧合作汉语言文化研究中心,上海201620

出　　处：《汉语学习》2023年第1期3-13,共11页Chinese Language Learning

基　　金：教育部人文社科规划基金项目(项目编号:21YJA740043);上海对外经贸大学2022年国际中文教育学院国家级省部级项目预研究项目(项目编号:2022YYJ03)资助。

摘　　要：以往学界普遍认为汉语受事主语句属于无标记被动句,但是通过本文研究表明,汉语受事主语句本质上是受事话题句,受事话题就是说话人谈论的对象,这是汉语信息结构决定的,它与被动并无天然的联系。本文证明,受事主语句可以分为两类:(1)当受事主语句用于已然句中时,它属于无标记被动句;(2)当受事主语句用于祈使性未然句时,它属于无标记处置句。非凸显参与者被裁剪是处置类受事主语句产生的认知机制,处置类受事主语句还可能是促发汉语变在句产生的动因,因为事物的变在也是处置的结果。本文研究对认识“处置”与“被动”的关系以及“把”字句的性质都有一定的启示。It is universally acknowledged that Chinese patient-subject sentences are unmarked passive ones. However, it is proved in this article that patient-subject sentences are in essence patient-topic ones. Patient-topic is the object that people talk about, which is determined by Chinese information structure. There is no natural tie between patient-subject sentences and passive ones. It is proved that patient-subject sentences can be divided into two types: one is unmarked passive ones used in perfective aspect and the other is unmarked disposal ones used in imperfective aspect. The creation mechanism of disposal-type patient-subject sentences is that non-highlighted participant is cut. Disposal-type patient-subject sentences may be the creation motivation of becoming-existential sentences. This study has a certain enlightenment for realizing the relationship between disposal and passive and the property of ba-sentences.

关 键 词：处置 受事主语句 已然 未然 凸显 

分 类 号：H146.3[语言文字—汉语]