四川省绵阳市2019—2021年流行性感冒流行病学特征分析  

Epidemiological characteristics of influenza in Mianyang, Sichuan, 2019-2021

作　　者：文艳[1] 陈华[1] 刘世安[1] 杨小蓉[1] 陈果[1] 戴雨珂 WEN Yan;CHEN Hua;LIU Shi-an;YANG Xiao-rong;CHEN Guo;DAI Yu-ke(Department of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control,MianyangCenter for Disease Control and Prevention,Sichuan 621000,China)

机构地区：[1]绵阳市疾病预防控制中心传防所,四川绵阳621000

出　　处：《中国热带医学》2023年第1期64-69,共6页China Tropical Medicine

基　　金：绵阳市卫生健委员会2019年科研课题鼓励项目(No.201991)。

摘　　要：目的 了解绵阳市2019—2021年流行性感冒流行病学特征,为绵阳市流感防控工作提供重要依据。方法 收集绵阳市2019—2021年流感监测相关数据,采用描述性流行病学方法进行统计学分析。结果 绵阳市2019—2021年流感共报告发病55 970例,年均报告发病率388.08/10万。报告流感样病例(influenza-like illness cases, ILI)103 723例,年平均ILI%为3.58%。2019年流感报告发病率、ILI%、阳性检出率均远超过历年同期水平。人群分类构成以15岁以下学生为主。报告发病数居前三位的地区分别为涪城区20 118例(占35.94%)、游仙区6 394例(占11.42%)、江油市5 800例(占10.36%)。2019—2021年共收到并检测ILI标本10 126份,阳性率19.53%;标本阳性检出率以15岁以下学生为主。历年流感病毒优势毒株呈现出交替流行的趋势,2019年以A(H3)型为主,2020年受新冠疫情影响,全年阳性检出率均较低,2021年除检出2份A(H9)型外,其余均为BV型。2019—2021年共报告ILI暴发疫情43起,发生时间主要集中在冬季,场所以小学居多。结论 2019—2021年绵阳市流感病例、ILI、病原学监测、暴发疫情的特征基本一致,15岁以下的学生及学校仍为重点关注人群及场所。而新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情大流行下,流感的低发水平进一步印证非药物干预措施对流感防控工作的重要性。Objective To understand the epidemiological and etiological characteristics of influenza in Mianyang City from 2019 to 2021, so as to provide a basis for the prevention and control of influenza.Methods Influenza surveillance data in Mianyang City from 2019 to 2021 were collected and analyzed statistically.Results A total of 55 970 cases of influenza were reported in Mianyang City from 2019 to 2021, with an average annual incidence of 388.08/100 000. A total of 103 723cases of influenza-like illness cases(ILI) were reported, with an average annual ILI% of 3.58%. The incidence, ILI%, and positive detection rates of influenza were all far higher than those in the corresponding period in 2019. The classification of the population is mainly composed of students under the age of 15. The top three reported cases were Fucheng District(20 118,35.94%), Youxian District(6 394, 11.42%) and Jiangyou District(5 800, 10.36%). 10 126 samples of ILI were received and detected, with a positive rate of 19.53%, the positive rate of ILI samples was mainly students under 15 years old. The dominant strains of influenza viruses showed an alternating trend over the years, and A(H3) was the predominant type in 2019. Except for2 A(H9) strains detected in 2021, the rest were all BV strains. Due to the impact of COVID-19 in 2020, the positive detection rate was low throughout the year. 43 outbreaks of ILI were reported, which were mainly occurred in winter, and most of them were in primary schools.Conclusion From 2019 to 2021, the characteristics of cases, ILI, pathogen surveillance and outbreak events of influenza in Mianyang City are basically the same, with students under 15 years of age and schools remaining the key population and sites of concern. the importance of non-pharmaceutical interventions for influenza prevention and control is further evidenced by the low incidence of influenza during the COVID-19 pandemic.

关 键 词：流行性感冒 流感样病例 流行特征 病原学监测 暴发疫情 

分 类 号：R521.1[医药卫生—内科学]